In Weimar Germany, who was Gustav Stresemann?
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In Weimar Germany, who was Gustav Stresemann?
Gustav Stresemann was a nationalist who became chancellor in August 1923 and later established the DVP (People’s Party), aiming to control inflation, regain Europe’s respect, and minimise support for extremist parties.
When was the Rentenmark introduced in Weimar Germany?
The Rentamark was introduced in Weimar Germany in November 1923. This was a gold standard currency and helped to control inflation.
True or False?
The Dawes Plan was introduced in 1924 by the USA to help Germany with reparations.
True.
The Dawes Plan was introduced in 1924 by the USA to help Germany with reparations. It was created by an American banker Charles G. Dawes.
The 1924 Dawes Plan reduced the reparations Germany had to pay to the Allies by how many pounds a year?
The 1924 Dawes Plan reduced the reparations Germany had to pay to the Allies to £50 million a year.
How much money did the Dawes Plan promise to give to German industry from 1924 to 1930?
The Dawes Plan promised to give $25 billion to German industry from 1924-30.
Did all Germans support the Dawes Plan in 1924?
No.
Some Germans believed the German economy would become too dependent on American loans and extremists believed Germany should not be paying reparations at all.
What was the 1929 Young Plan?
The 1929 Young Plan aimed to further reduce Germany's reparations, extend the repayment deadline, and improve relations with the Allies. It was created by an American banker called Owen Young.
How much did the 1929 Young Plan reduce the total reparations bill?
The 1929 Young Plan reduce the total reparations bill from £6.6 billion to £2 billion
Were the German people in favour of the 1929 Young Plan?
Yes.
In 1929, 85% of voters were in favour of the Young Plan. This was roughly 35 million German citizens.
True or False?
The French army left the Rhineland in 1930.
True.
The French army left the Rhineland in 1930 because the issue of reparation payments had been settled in the Locarno Treaty and the Young Plan.
When was the Locarno Treaty signed?
The Locarno Treaty was signed in 1925.
What was the 1925 Locarno Treaty?
The 1925 Locarno Treaty was an agreement between Germany, Britain, France, Italy, and Belgium, signed on December 1st, 1925, in Switzerland, aiming to ensure peace, accept borders, and demilitarize the Rhineland.
Define the League of Nations.
The League of Nations was an association of countries established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles to promote international cooperation and achieve world peace.
True or False?
The League of Nations was based on President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points.
True.
The League of Nations was based on President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points.
Did Germany's membership in the League of Nations increase or decrease German citizens' confidence in the Weimar Republic?
Increase.
Germany's membership in the League of Nations increased German citizens' confidence in the Weimar Republic. However, some people did not want anything to do with the League of Nations. It was associated with the hated Treaty of Versailles.
When was the Kellogg- Briand Pact created?
The Kellogg- Briand Pact was created in 1928 when French foreign minister Aristide Briand met with US Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg to discuss further steps towards world peace.
What was the 1928 Kellogg- Briand Pact?
The 1928 Kellogg- Briand Pact was an agreement that stated war should never be used as a means for resolving disputes between countries.
True or False?
When Stresemann became Chancellor in August 1923 the support for extremist parties increased.
False.
When Stresemann became Chancellor in August 1923 he achieved his aim to reduce support for extremist parties. For example, in May 1924 the Nazi party had 32 seats in the Reichstag compared to 12 in May 1928.
Give two ways the political atmosphere in Germany had changed by October 1929.
Two ways the political atmosphere changed in Germany by October 1929 were:
There were no political assassinations between 1924 and 1929
Fewer coalition governments.
Who replaced Federick Ebert as President of Germany when Ebert died in 1925?
Paul von Hindenberg replaced Federick Ebert as President of Germany in 1925. Hindenberg was a 77 years old, ex- army chief who was conservative and held nationist views.
When did Gustav Stresemann die?
Gustav Stresemann died on 3rd October 1929 of a heart attack. The Weimar Republic lost one of the most capable ministers it had.
By 1926 how many German workers were unemployed?
By 1926 over 20% of German workers were unemployed. By 1928 this number fell to roughly 2%.
True or False?
The Unemployment Insurance Act of 1927 funded insurance that covered unemployment and sickness.
True.
The Unemployment Insurance Act of 1927 funded insurance that covered unemployment and sickness. It paid insured unemployed Germans 60 Reichsmarks per week.
Define communism.
Communism is an ideology based on the idea that all property should belong to the state and wealth should be shared.
Name two reforms the Weimar government introduced to improve working conditions.
Two reforms the Weimar government introduced to improve working conditions are:
Shorter working hours in a week
Real working wages increased
How did Lander solve the 1923 German housing crisis?
Lander solved the German housing crisis in 1923 by using foreign loans to fund building projects and encouraged workers to build their own houses with recycled materials.
Did the Weimar government help to increase the amount of suitable housing during the 1923 housing crisis?
Yes.
The Weimar government helped to increase the amount of suitable housing during the 1923 housing crisis. They introduced a rent tax, and employed architects to create new homes.
How many war widows were there in Germany by 1920?
There were 400,000 war widows in Germany by 1920.
What was the Reich Pension Law of 1920?
The Reich Pension Law of 1920 was a government scheme to help widows and ex-soldiers recover from the impact of World War One.
How many Germans received a war- related pension after World War One?
Over 1.3 million German war widows and ex-soldiers received a war-related pension.
True or False?
By 1928, the number of students in higher education had increased to 110,000.
True.
By 1928, the number of students in higher education had increased to 110,000. Before 1914, there were only 70,000 students.
Did anyone oppose the educational reforms the Weimar government introduced?
Yes.
The Catholic and Protestant churches did not like to have their influence taken away from schools. Upper - class parents did not want their children educated with lower- class children from different faiths.
True or False?
The Social Democratic Party (SPD) wanted to increase women's rights in Weimar Germany.
True.
The Social Democratic Party (SPD) wanted to increase women's rights in Weimar Germany. They had moderate left-wing beliefs, which meant they were more open-minded. And other parties thought it was right to reward women for their efforts during World War One.
What rights did the Weimar Consitution give women?
The Weimar Constitution gave women the right to:
Vote, if they were over 21.
Equal legal partnership in marriage between men and women.
What right did Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution give women of Weimar Germany?
Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution gave women of Weimar Germany the right to access all professions on an equal standing to men.
True or False?
When a woman married, society expected her to leave her job to focus on the household and become a mother.
True.
When a woman married, society expected her to leave her job to focus on the household and become a mother.
Was there an increase or decrease in women being employed as teachers and doctors in Weimar Germany?
Increase.
Was there an increase in women being employed as teachers and doctors in Weimar Germany. However, women struggled to reach high-respected professions.
Define 'New Women' of Weimar Germany.
The 'New Women' was a term given to women in Weimar Germany who felt that the right to vote and increased working opportunities gave them the chance to express themselves.
How did the right to vote give the 'New Women' of Weimar Germany the freedom to express themselves?
The right to vote gave the 'New Women' of Weimar Germany the freedom to express themselves as they could:
Cut their hair short
Wear more makeup
Smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol
Did conservative German men support the 'New Women' in the Weimar Republic?
No.
Conservative German men support the 'New Women' in the Weimar Republic. They blamed 'New Women' for the falling birth rate and the increase of divorces in Germany.
Define expressionism in Weimar Germany.
Expressionism is an art movement in Weimar Germany in the 1920s that aimed to focus on emotions rather than showing how things really looked
What was the aim of Expressionist art in Weimar Germany?
Expressionist art aimed to unsettle viewers by using grotesque and exaggerated figures in violent scenes. The artists hoped to prompt questioning of societal norms and values through discomfort.
True or False?
Conservative upper- classes and the extreme right-wing supported Weimar Art.
False.
Conservative upper- classes and the extreme right- wing did not support Weimar Art. These pieces of art undermined the authority of the upper-classes and many of the artists had left- winged views that challenged those of the upper- class and the extreme right- wing.
Name two artists associated with Expressionism in Weimar Germany.
Otto Dix and George Grosz were notable Expressionist artists in Weimar Germany. Dix depicted the struggles of war veterans, while Grosz's 'Grey Day' conveyed the monotony of daily life.
Define 'Bauhaus' architecture.
'Bauhas' architecture uses geometric shapes to create practical buildings. This movement was inspired by Weimar architects such as Erich Mendelsohn.
How many cinemas were in Weimar Germany by 1929?
There were approximately 500 cinemas in Weimar Germany by 1929.
Give three examples of films created in Weimar Germany.
Three example of films created in Weimar Germany are:
The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari (1920)
Nosferatu (1922)
Metropolis (1926)
When did Weimar Germany produce its first talking film?
Germany produced its first talking film in 1930. The capability to play films with sound was available in 3,800 German cinemas by 1932.
Why did extremist left- wing parties oppose Weimar culture?
Extremist left- wing parties opposed Weimar culture as they saw the government's funding of culture as a waste of money. They believed it took resources away from the people who needed financial help, for example, the workers.
Did extreme right- wing parties support or oppose Weimar Culture?
Opposed.
Extreme right- wing parties opposed Weimar Culture as they believed it destroyed German traditions and was responsible for the moral decline in German society.