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Past paper and exam-style questions organised by topic, with student-friendly answers written by teachers and examiners.
Atomic Structure
Fundamental Particles, Mass Number & Isotopes, Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, Shells & Orbitals, Electron Configuration, Ionisation Energy, Ionisation Energy: Trends & Evidence
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Formulae, Equations & Calculations
Relative Atomic Mass & Relative Molecular Mass, Empirical & Molecular Formula, Balanced Equations, Reaction Yields, Atom Economy, Hydrated Salts
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The Mole, Avogadro & The Ideal Gas Equation
The Mole & the Avogadro Constant, Reacting Masses, Reacting Volumes, The Ideal Gas Equation
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Types of Bonding & Properties
Changes in State: Energy Changes, Ionic Bonding, Covalent Bonding, Dative Covalent Bonding, Dot & Cross Diagrams, Metallic Bonding, Properties of Ionic Compounds, Properties of Covalent Substances, Properties of Metallic Substances, Effects of Structure & Bonding
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Molecules: Shapes & Forces
Shapes of Simple Molecules & Ions, Bond Polarity, Types of Forces Between Molecules, Effects of Forces Between Molecules
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Energetics
Bond Energy, Energy Level Diagrams, Enthalpy Changes, Calorimetry, Hess' Law, Applications of Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies
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Kinetics
Collision Theory, Measuring Rates of Reaction, Maxwell–Boltzmann Distributions, Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate, Effect of Concentration & Pressure, Catalysts
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Chemical Equilibria, Le Chatelier's Principle & Kc
Chemical Equilibria, Le Chatelier's principle, The Equilibrium Constant, Kc, Calculations Involving the Equilibrium Constant, Changes Which Affect the Equilibrium
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Oxidation, Reduction & Redox Equations
Oxidation & Reduction, Oxidation States: The Rules, Redox Equations
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Periodicity
Classification of an Element, Trends of Period 3 Elements: Atomic Radius, Trends of Period 3 Elements: First Ionisation Energy, Trends of Period 3 Elements: Melting Point
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Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals
Trends in Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals, Solubility of Group 2 Compounds: Hydroxides & Sulfates, Reactions of Group 2, Uses of Group 2 Elements
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Group 7 (17), the Halogens
Physical Properties of Group 7, Chemical Properties of Group 7, Testing for Halide Ions, Uses & Reactions of Chlorine
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Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Functional Groups, Types of Formulae, Nomenclature, Structural Isomerism, Stereoisomerism
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Alkanes
Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil, Modification of Alkanes by Cracking, Combustion of Alkanes, Chlorination of Alkanes
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Halogenoalkanes
Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes, Reactions of Halogenoalkanes, Ozone Depletion
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Alkenes
Structure, Bonding & Reactivity, Isomerism in Alkenes, Reactions of Alkenes, Test for Unsaturation, Addition Polymers, Solution to Plastic Pollution
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Alcohols
Classifying Alcohols, Alcohol Production, Oxidation of Alcohols, Combustion of Alcohols, Elimination Reactions of Alcohols
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Organic Analysis
Identification of Functional Groups by Test-Tube Reactions, Mass spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy
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Organic Mechanisms
Fundamentals of Reaction Mechanisms, Chlorination of Alkanes, Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination, Electrophilic Addition
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Physical Chemistry Practicals
Making a Volumetric Solution, Performing a Titration & Volumetric Analysis, Measurement of an Enthalpy Change, Factors Affecting the Rate of a Reaction
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Organic & Inorganic Chemistry Practicals
Reactions of Group 2 Elements, Identifying Anions & Cations, Distillation of a Product from a Reaction, Testing for Organic Functional Groups
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