Cells

Cell Structure & Function

Animal & Plant Cells

Animal & Plant Cells Under the Microscope

Bacterial Cells

Specialised Cells, Tissues & Organs

Organisation of Cells

Magnification Formula

Classification

Concept & Use of a Classification System

Classifying Organisms

Features of Organisms

The Five Kingdoms

Viruses

Movement into & out of Cells

Diffusion & Osmosis

Diffusion

Factors that Influence Diffusion

Water

Osmosis

Osmosis Experiments

Osmosis in Animals & Plants

Active Transport

Active Transport

Importance of Active Transport

Biological Molecules

Biological Molecules

Chemicals & Life

Food Tests

Enzymes

Enzyme Action

Enzymes

Enzyme Action & Specificity

Effects of Temperature & pH

Enzyme Investigations

Enzymes: Temperature & pH

Plant Nutrition

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

Use & Storage of Carbohydrates

Investigating the Need for Chlorophyll, Light & Carbon Dioxide

Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis

Investigating the Rate of Photosynthesis

Limiting Factors

Leaf Structure

Leaf Structure

Identifying Leaf Structures in a Dicotyledonous Plant

Mineral Nutrition

Minerals in Plants

Transport in Flowering Plants

Uptake & Transport of Water and Ions

Root Hair Cells

Pathway Taken by Water

Transpiration & Translocation

Transpiration

Investigating Temperature & Wind Speed

Transpiration Stream

Explaining the Effects of Temperature, Wind Speed, Humidity & Light Intensity

Translocation

Xylem & Phloem

Human Nutrition

Diet

Diet & Deficiencies

Human Digestive System

Organs of the Digestive System

Physical Digestion

Teeth & Digestion

Chemical Digestion

Enzymes in Digestion

Hydrochloric Acid

Emulsification of Fats & Oils

Peristalsis

Absorption & Assimilation

Absorption

Adaptations of the Small Intestine

Human Gas Exchange

Human Gas Exchange

Features of Gas Exchange Surfaces

The Breathing System

Investigating the Differences in Inspired & Expired Air

Investigating the Effects of Physical Activity on Breathing

Identifying Intercostal Muscles

Volume & Pressure Changes in the Lungs

Protecting the Breathing System

Respiration

Respiration

Respiration in Cells

Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

Transport in Humans

Circulatory System

Circulatory System

The Heart

The Mammalian Heart

Functioning of the Heart

Monitoring Activity of the Heart

Investigating Effect of Physical Activity on Heart Rate

Coronary Heart Disease

Blood Vessels

Blood Vessels

Circulation Around the Body

Structure & Function of Blood Vessels

Blood

Components of Blood

Tissue Fluid

Disease & Immunity

Disease

Pathogens & Barriers

Vectors of Disease

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Cholera

Controlling the Spread of Disease

Excessive Alcohol Consumption

Effects of Tobacco Smoke

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

Immunity

Active Immunity

Antigens & Antibodies

Vaccination

Preventing the Spread of Disease

Passive Immunity & Breastfeeding

HIV & the Immune System

Excretion in Humans

Excretion

Excretion of Carbon Dioxide & Urea

Urinary System

The Kidney

The Role of the Liver in Excretion

Coordination & Control

Mammalian Nervous System

Mammalian Nervous System

Types of Neurones

The Reflex Arc

The Synapse

Mammalian Sense Organs

Sense Organs

The Eye

Mammalian Hormones

Hormones in Humans

The Hormone Adrenaline

Homeostasis

Homeostasis

Temperature Control

Homeostasis: Temperature Control

Blood Glucose Control

Controlling Blood Glucose Concentration

Coordination & Response in Plants

Coordination & Response in Plants

Tropisms

Development of Organisms & Continuity of Life

Nuclear Division

Chromosomes & Cells

Mitosis

Meiosis

Uncontrolled Cell Division

Asexual & Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Flower Structure & Pollination Method

Self & Cross-pollination

Fertilisation in Plants

Seeds & Germination

Seed & Fruit Dispersal

Sexual Reproduction in Humans

The Reproductive Systems

Gametes & Fertilisation

Development of the Zygote

Sexual Hormones in Humans

Inheritance

Variation

Variation

DNA

DNA Structure

Genes & Protein Production

Inheritance

Inheritance: Definitions

Monohybrid Inheritance

Codominance & Sex-Linked Characteristics

Mutation

Selection

Natural Selection

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria & Selection

Artificial Selection

Biotechnology & Genetic Modification

Biotechnology

Biotechnology

Usefulness of Bacteria

Fermenters

Genetic Modification

Genetic Modification

Relationships of Organisms with one another & with the Environment

Energy Flow

The Sun as a Source of Energy

Food Chains & Food Webs

Efficiency of Energy Transfer

Pyramids of Number, Biomass & Energy

Nutrient Cycles

The Carbon Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

Ecosystems & Biodiversity

Populations, Communities & Ecosystems

The Importance of Biodiversity

Effects of Humans on Ecosystems

Deforestation

Over-harvesting & Introducing Non-native Species

Water Pollution

Other Pollution

Conservation

Reasons for Conservation

Sustainability

Study tools

• Cambridge (CIE) O Level Biology · Exam Questions
• Cambridge (CIE) O Level Biology · Flashcards
• Cambridge (CIE) O Level Biology · Past Papers

Related links

• O Level Biology · Revision Notes
• O Level Biology · Exam Questions
• O Level Biology · Flashcards
• O Level Biology · Past Papers
• Cambridge (CIE) O Level Biology · Exam specification