What was the Nazi view on how women should look?
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What was the Nazi view on how women should look?
The Nazis believed that women should look modest. They did not want women to wear make-up. They were expected to wear long skirts and flat heels.
Define the three K's in Nazi Germany.
The three Ks stood for:
Kinder (children)
Kirche (church)
Küche (cooking)
Women were expected to only focus on the three K's.
True or False?
Women's organisations that did not join the German Women's Enterprise (DFW) were banned.
True.
Every women's group had to join the German Women's Enterprise. Members were enrolled in courses about childcare, cooking and sewing.
Who was Gertrud Scholtz-Klink?
Gertrud Scholtz-Klink was appointed leader of the National Socialist Women's League. This was the women's wing of the Nazi Party. Gertrud oversaw all policies related to women.
When was the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage passed?
The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage was passed in 1933. It gave loans to women if they were married and did not have a job.
Define the Lebensborn Programme.
The Lebensborn Programme was created by SS leader Heinrich Himmler. It aimed at pairing SS men with single women to produce 'genetically pure' children.
True or False?
A woman who had seven children would receive the Gold Mother's Cross.
False.
A woman had to have eight or more children to receive the Gold Mother's Cross. Mothers with gold medals were saluted in public by the Hitler Youth.
What year were women banned from becoming lawyers, judges and taking part in jury service in Nazi Germany?
Women were banned from becoming lawyers, judges and taking part in jury service in 1936.
What evidence suggests that the Nazi laws on divorce were successful?
The evidence that suggests that the Nazi laws on divorce were successful was that the number of divorces increased.
Why did the Nazi policies on women's employment only have short-term success?
The Nazi policies on women's employment only had short-term success because of the Second World War. Around 2.4 million women returned to work by the start of the conflict.
True or False?
The Nazis focused more on influencing adults than the young.
False.
The Nazis focused more on influencing the youth than adults. They believed that children were easier to indoctrinate than adults. Control of the youth would ensure that the Nazi Party would be supported for generations to come.
What were the Nazi beliefs about boys?
The Nazis believed that boys should be fit and healthy. This is so they could support Germany's economy and fight in future wars.
What did the Nazis want the youth to view Hitler as?
The Nazis wanted Germany's youth to view Hitler as a father figure to them. This would make the young more likely to be loyal to the Nazi Party.
At what age could a boy join the Hitler Youth?
A boy could join the Hitler Youth if they were 14 years old.
Define the League of German Maidens.
The League of German Maidens (BDM) was the female equivalent of the Hitler Youth. It trained girls to be good wives and mothers by focusing on the three Ks.
Name the four similarities between the Hitler Youth and the League of German Maidens.
The four similarities between the Hitler Youth and the League of German Maidens are both groups:
Went hiking and camping
Sung patriotic songs
Reported 'enemies' to the Nazi Party
Went on marches and rallies
Did all children enjoy being in a Nazi youth group?
No.
Some children disliked the physical activities. Many young people hated the strict rules in the groups.
Name three responsibilities that teachers had in Nazi Germany.
The three responsibilities that teachers had in Nazi Germany were:
Teaching students the Nazi salute
Beginning and ending each lesson with ‘Heil Hitler’
Placing posters, Nazi flags and a picture of Hitler in their classroom
True or False?
After 1935, all textbooks in Nazi Germany had to be approved by the Nazis.
True.
After 1935, the Nazis ensured that all textbooks aligned with their ideology. The textbooks contained pictures of Hitler. They often blamed Jewish people and the November Criminals.
Did the Nazis change lessons or keep the curriculum the same as it had been in Weimar Germany?
Change.
The Nazis added new subjects like Eugenics and Domestic Sciences. They also made significant changes to existing subjects like History.
Define Napolas.
Napolas were schools for the most 'gifted' and racially pure children in Nazi Germany. They aimed to prepare students for service in the SS or police.
Did Hitler increase or decrease unemployment in Germany?
Decrease.
By 1939, unemployment in Germany had decreased to around half a million people.
Define National Labour Service (RAD).
The National Labour Service (RAD) was set up in 1933 by the Nazis to provide paid work for the unemployed. RAD focused on public jobs like repairing roads and planting trees. It later became compulsory for unemployed young men to join RAD.
By 1935, how many people were employed in the Autobahn (motorway) project?
By 1935, 25,000 men had been employed to build the Autobahn. Around 3,500 km had been completed by 1938.
How did rearmament help to reduce unemployment?
Rearmament helped to reduce unemployment because it created additional jobs in the armed forces and factories. By 1939, there were around 1.4 million men in the German armed forces.
Define the term invisible unemployment.
Invisible unemployment refers to individuals not included in official unemployment figures. Women, Jewish people and prisoners were some of the groups not included in Nazi Germany's unemployment data.
Why did an increase in wages in Nazi Germany not positively impact unskilled workers?
An increase in wages in Nazi Germany did not positively impact unskilled workers because food prices also rose. Unskilled workers struggled to pay the increased food prices and were worse off in Nazi Germany.
Did the Nazis increase or decrease working hours?
Increase.
On average, the working week increased from 43 hours in 1933 to 49 hours in 1939,
True or False?
The Labour Front (DAF) was created to support and strengthen trade unions.
False.
The Labour Front (DAF) was created by the Nazis to replace trade unions. Workers lost the right to strike, negotiate pay, or reduce their working hours.
Define Strength Through Joy (KdF).
Strength Through Joy (KdF) was a Nazi programme aimed at making work more enjoyable for workers. The KdF provided affordable leisure activities, trips and holidays to workers. There was also a scheme to purchase a Volkswagen.
What was a significant disadvantage to the Beauty of Labour (SdA) programme?
A significant disadvantage to the Beauty of Labour (SdA) programme was that many workers were expected to build and decorate the new facilities themselves. They receive no extra pay or time off for doing this.
Define the term eugenics.
Eugenics was the pseudoscience that aimed to improve the genetic quality of a human population.
What did Nazis believe about race?
Nazis believed in a racial hierarchy with Aryans as superior to all other races.
Define the term Untermenschen.
Untermenschen is German for sub-humans. Races of Eastern Europe like Slavs were seen as Untermenschen.
How were disabled people treated in Nazi Germany in 1933?
Disabled people were treated poorly in 1933. The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring made it compulsory for people with varying disabilities to be sterilised.
True or False?
To ‘clean up’ Berlin before the 1934 Nuremberg Rally, Roma in Berlin were arrested and moved to the Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp.
False.
The Roma were moved out of Berlin before the 1936 Olympics. The Nazis did not believe that the Roma worked enough or contributed enough taxes.
Define the term Anti-Semitism.
Anti-Semitism is hostility to, or prejudice against Jewish people.
What happened to Jewish people in Nazi Germany in April 1933?
In April 1933, Jewish civil servants and teachers were sacked.
Name three ways that the Reich Law on Citizenship (a part of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935) impacted Jewish people.
The three ways that the Reich Law on Citizenship impacted Jewish people by:
Forcing them to wear the Star of David
Removing their German citizenship
Losing their right to travel outside of Germany and to vote
When did ‘Kristallnacht’ (Night of Broken Glass) happen?
‘Kristallnacht’ happened in November 1938. Jewish shops, homes and synagogues were attacked.
Did German people speak out or do nothing about Jewish persecution in Nazi Germany?
Do nothing.
Many people were horrified at the acts of discrimination towards Jewish people but were too scared to help because of groups like the SS and Gestapo.