Eutrophication - GCSE Biology Definition

Eutrophication is a process where water bodies, such as lakes and rivers, become overly rich in nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus. This usually happens because of fertilisers and waste entering the water. The extra nutrients cause a rapid growth of algae, which is called an algal bloom. When the algae die and decompose, they use up oxygen in the water, making it hard for fish and other aquatic life to survive. This process can harm ecosystems and reduce water quality, affecting plants, animals, and even humans who rely on these water sources.