Deductive reasoning - AP® English Definition

Deductive reasoning is a way of thinking that starts with a general idea or principle and moves to a specific conclusion. In AP English, students study deductive reasoning to understand how writers build logical arguments.

Writers use deductive reasoning to make their arguments clear and convincing. They begin with a broad statement (a premise) that is accepted as true, then show how it leads to a particular result. This method is common in persuasive and analytical writing.

Example of deductive reasoning in an AP English text

In 'Letter from Birmingham Jail', Martin Luther King Jr. uses deductive reasoning when he argues:

“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”

He starts with the general belief in justice and logically explains why he cannot ignore injustice in any place. This helps prove why action is necessary, even outside one’s own community.