Active Site - GCSE Biology Definition

The active site is a specific region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo chemical reactions. Its unique shape and chemical environment enable it to recognise and interact with the substrate, described with the “lock and key” or “induced fit” models. This interaction typically results in a change in the substrate, leading to the formation of a product. The active site is crucial for the enzyme's specificity and activity, as it determines which reaction an enzyme can catalyse. Understanding the active site is essential for GCSE Biology students as it plays a vital role in metabolic processes and the functioning of biological systems.