Hard Engineering - GCSE Geography Definition

Hard engineering refers to the use of solid, man-made structures to protect areas from natural processes like flooding, erosion, and storms. These methods include building sea walls, groynes, and concrete barriers, which physically stop or redirect water and waves. Hard engineering is often used because it provides strong protection and can be very effective in defending coastlines and rivers. However, it can be expensive, may have a negative impact on the environment, and often needs ongoing maintenance. In GCSE Geography, students learn about the advantages and disadvantages of hard engineering compared to other methods like soft engineering.