Network Types (Cambridge (CIE) A Level Computer Science): Revision Note
Exam code: 9618
Purpose & benefits of networking
What is a network?
A network is two or more interconnected devices (such as computers, printers, and servers) designed to:
share resources
exchange data
communicate with each other
The purpose of a network is to enable data and resource sharing, communication, and collaboration
Advantages and disadvantages of networks
Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
Devices (e.g. printers) can be shared, reducing costs | Expensive setup – cabling and servers can cost a lot |
Software licences for networks are cheaper than for individual computers | Difficult to manage – large networks need skilled administration |
Users can share files and data easily | If the server fails, the whole network can be affected |
Access to reliable, central data (e.g. from a file server) | Malware or hacking can affect the entire network |
Files can be backed up centrally each day | Security risks increase if connected to a larger WAN |
Users can communicate via email or messaging | |
A network manager can control access rights and internet usage |
LANs & WANs
What is a local area network (LAN)?
A local area network (LAN) is a network which has a small geographical area (under 1 mile)
All of the hardware is owned by the company/organisation/household using it
LANs will use unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable, fibre optic cable or wireless connections (Wi-Fi)
Advantages and disadvantages of LANs
Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
Allows centralised management of updates, backups and software installations | If hardware fails, the network may not function properly or even at all |
Can secure its devices with the use of firewalls, antivirus software and other security features to prevent unauthorised access | Networks are more prone to attacks than standalone computers |
Allows users on the network to share resources such as printers and other peripherals | Access to data and peripherals can be slow depending on network traffic |
Allows the users of the network to collaborate and share files and folders | Require maintenance to ensure that software is up to date, upgrades and backups which can be costly |
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
A wireless local area network is a local area network where devices connect to the network wirelessly instead of using cables
Extra hardware, wireless access points (WAPs) or hotspots are connected to the network so that users can connect using Wi-Fi
Advantages and disadvantages of WLANs
Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
Allows users to connect anywhere that is in the range of a Wireless Access Point (WAP) without the need for additional hardware or wiring. | Limited in their coverage and can be further affected by walls and other structures |
Can be used in a variety of environments both indoors and out making them highly flexible | Bandwidth speeds can become an issue in high traffic areas |
Additional wireless access points can be added relatively easily resulting in additional users being able to use the network or increased network coverage | Interference from other devices which can affect performance and connectivity |
Access to peripherals such as printers | Vulnerable to security threats due to wireless signals being intercepted |
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A wide area network (WAN) is a network which has a large geographical area (over 1 mile)
They are a collection of LANs joined together
The computers on a WAN are connected via routers
The hardware used to connect the networks together is not all owned by the company/organisation/household using it.
For example, telephone lines owned by telecommunication companies
WANs will use fibre optic cable, telephone lines and satellite to connect the LANs together
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