Multi-store Model of Memory & Types of Long-Term Memory (AQA A Level Psychology)

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  • Who proposed the multi-store model of memory?

    The multi-store model of memory was proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968-1971).

  • Which component of the multi-store model of memory processes all sense-based information from the environment?

    The sensory register is where all sensory information from the environment is processed.

  • Sensory information is held within the sensory register for a duration of:

    a) 3-5 seconds

    b) 1-2 seconds

    c) milliseconds

    c.

    Sensory information is held within the sensory register for milliseconds, i.e. it has a limited duration.

  • Coding in short-term memory is:

    a) semantic

    b) procedural

    c) episodic

    d) acoustic

    d.

    Coding in short-term memory is acoustic.

  • Miller's 'magic number 7' refers to the ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ of short-term memory.

    Miller's 'magic number 7' refers to the capacity of short-term memory.

    Short-term memory can hold 7 items + or - 2.

  • If information in short-term memory is not rehearsed what happens to it?

    If information in short-term memory is not rehearsed, it cannot pass into long-term memory, i.e. it is displaced/forgotten.

  • Coding in long-term memory is:

    a) semantic

    b) procedural

    c) episodic

    d) acoustic

    a.

    Coding in long-term memory is semantic.

  • Some long-term memories may be unavailable, i.e., resistant to ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎.

    Some long-term memories may be unavailable, i.e., resistant to retrieval.

  • True or False?

    One strength of the multi-store model of memory is that it is supported by case studies of brain-damaged patients.

    True.

    The case study of HM could remember events and some information and details from before the removal of his hippocampus but could not form new memories.

  • One limitation of the multi-store model of memory is that it may be:

    a) too complicated

    b) too simplistic

    c) gender biased

    b.

    One limitation of the multi-store model of memory is that it may be too simplistic.

    Research suggests that short-term memory and long-term memory are made up of more than one store.

  • Much of the research into the multi-store model of memory involves participants undertaking artificial tasks, which means it is low in:

    a) reliability

    b) falsifiability

    c) ecological validity

    c.

    Much of the research into the multi-store model of memory involves participants undertaking artificial tasks, which means it is low in ecological validity.

  • What are the three types of long-term memory?

    The three types of long-term memory are episodic, semantic and procedural memory.

  • Which of the following is not an example of an episodic memory?

    a) Your fifth birthday party

    b) Winning a prize for the best home-grown vegetable

    c) Knowing what the capital of Sri Lanka is

    c.

    Knowing what the capital of Sri Lanka is: this is not an episodic memory as it is not time-stamped ( it does not relate to an episode in your life), rather it is knowledge/fact.

  • True or False?

    Semantic memories are time-stamped.

    False.

    Semantic memories are not time-stamped as they consist of knowledge/facts.

  • An example of semantic memory is:

    a) knowing the name of your first teacher

    b) recalling your first day at school

    c) being able to ride a bike

    a.

    An example of semantic memory is knowing the name of your first teacher.

  • Procedural memory is used when we carry out certain ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ .

    Procedural memory is used when we carry out certain skills.

    These skills are automatic and require little concentration, e.g. riding a bike, roller skating, driving.

  • Brain scans indicate that each type of long-term memory may be stored in different areas of the brain, which is a strength because:

    a) this is rich, insightful data

    b) this is clinical evidence which is objective

    c) this takes an idiographic approach

    b.

    Brain scans indicate that each type of long-term memory may be stored in different areas of the brain, which is a strength because this is clinical evidence which is objective and therefore scientific.

  • True or False?

    One strength is that there is no crossover at all between any of the types of long-term memory.

    False.

    There are some cross-overs between episodic and semantic memory, which suggests that long-term memory is actually more complex than first thought.

  • An example of procedural memory is:

    a) learning how to drive a car

    b) trying ice skating for the first time

    c) playing the piano at a concert

    c.

    An example of procedural memory is playing the piano at a concert.

    This skill is formed from lots of practice and rehearsal so that it becomes automatic.