Exam code: 7182
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Which one of the following is not an assumption of the humanistic approach?
a) Each individual is unique
b) Science should be used to explain behaviour
c) Humans have free will
d) Humans should be viewed holistically and not reduced to their parts
b.
Science should be used to explain behaviour is not an assumption of the humanistic approach.
Define free will.
Free will assumes that humans are self-determining beings who can exercise control over their behaviour and that choice is a key part of this.
The humanistic approach uses research which is based on phenomenology. Define phenomenology.
Phenomenology is research which values the lived experience of the individual, their 'journey'.
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Which one of the following is not an assumption of the humanistic approach?
a) Each individual is unique
b) Science should be used to explain behaviour
c) Humans have free will
d) Humans should be viewed holistically and not reduced to their parts
b.
Science should be used to explain behaviour is not an assumption of the humanistic approach.
Define free will.
Free will assumes that humans are self-determining beings who can exercise control over their behaviour and that choice is a key part of this.
The humanistic approach uses research which is based on phenomenology. Define phenomenology.
Phenomenology is research which values the lived experience of the individual, their 'journey'.
Maslow (1908-1970) devised a of , which outlines the path that must be taken to achieve self- .
Maslow (1908-1970) devised a hierarchy of needs, which outlines the path that must be taken to achieve self-actualisation.
True or False?
The higher the person ascends the pyramid (Maslow's hierarchy of needs), the more difficult and stressful their life is likely to be.
False.
The higher the person ascends the pyramid (Maslow's hierarchy of needs), the richer and more fulfilling their life is likely to be.
Which of the following describes the social needs level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
a) Positive self-image, achievement, mastery of a skill, reputation, autonomy
b) Security, protection, a degree of predictability, freedom from persecution
c) The importance of having a supportive network, friendship, love, intimacy, and a feeling of belonging
c.
The importance of having a supportive network, friendship, love, intimacy, and a feeling of belonging describes the social needs level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
True or False?
The process of reaching self-actualisation is final: nothing more needs to be achieved by the individual.
False.
The process of reaching self-actualisation may be continual, as new goals are reached and new ambitions set.
The humanistic approach is the only approach in psychology that is:
a) holistic
b) reliable
c) deterministic
d) reductionist
a.
The humanistic approach is the only approach in psychology that is holistic.
This is a strength, as it reflects the fact that reality is experienced subjectively, giving it good ecological validity.
True or False?
One of the main limitations with the humanistic approach is its sense of vagueness and lack of scientific rigour.
True.
One of the main limitations with the humanistic approach is its sense of vagueness and lack of scientific rigour.
This means that the approach lacks reliability and is too open to interpretation.
Maslow's hierarchy is generally only applicable to individualistic cultures. What is meant by individualistic cultures?
Individualistic cultures view the person as separate from others, i.e., 'I' and 'me,' rather than 'we' and 'us' (importance is placed on the individual rather than the group).
The 'picture' someone has of themself which is formed from an internalised feeling of uniqueness and from interactions with others is:
a) self-expression
b) self-esteem
c) self-image
d) ideal self
c.
The 'picture' someone has of themself which is formed from an internalised feeling of uniqueness and from interactions with others is self-image.
The extent to which someone feels good about themselves, that they are worthy of love is:
a) self-expression
b) self-esteem
c) self-image
d) ideal self
b.
The extent to which someone feels good about themselves, that they are worthy of love is self-esteem.
What is meant by congruence?
Congruence describes the point at which a person's self-image completely overlaps their ideal self i.e. the two align perfectly.
True or False?
To be completely congruent, a person must have achieved self-actualisation.
True.
To be completely congruent, a person must have achieved self-actualisation.
Rogers suggested that some parents may use conditions of worth with their child. What is meant by conditions of worth?
Conditions of worth involve situations or instances where someone believes that they must behave in certain ways to gain the love and approval of others.
E.g., 'I will love you if you do well at school/agree with me/look pretty.'
True or False?
According to Rogers, conditions of worth only have a temporary, short-term effect on the individual.
False.
According to Rogers, conditions of worth play a key role in the development of psychological issues well into adulthood, i.e., a long-term damaging effect.
True or False?
The use of unconditional positive regard may not help some clients.
True.
The use of unconditional positive regard may not help some clients.
By unconditionally accepting their client, the therapist may not challenge them sufficiently to address real issues of concern, e.g., addiction and mental disorders.