Exam code: 7182
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Ainsworth's Strange Situation (1970) is designed to measure the quality of attachment by observing the responses of:
a) both infant and caregiver
b) the caregiver and a stranger
c) the infant only
d) the caregiver only
c.
Ainsworth's Strange Situation (1970) is designed to measure the quality of attachment by observing the responses of the infant only.
The caregiver and the stranger are present in order to prompt specific attachment behaviours from the child, e.g., separation anxiety.
True or False?
Ainsworth observed the infants at home.
False.
Ainsworth collected data using a one-way mirror and video camera in controlled conditions.
Which of the following is not relevant to Ainsworth's study?
a) Separation anxiety
b) Aggressive behaviour
c) Stranger anxiety
c) Reunion behaviour
b.
Aggressive behaviour is not relevant to Ainsworth's study.
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Ainsworth's Strange Situation (1970) is designed to measure the quality of attachment by observing the responses of:
a) both infant and caregiver
b) the caregiver and a stranger
c) the infant only
d) the caregiver only
c.
Ainsworth's Strange Situation (1970) is designed to measure the quality of attachment by observing the responses of the infant only.
The caregiver and the stranger are present in order to prompt specific attachment behaviours from the child, e.g., separation anxiety.
True or False?
Ainsworth observed the infants at home.
False.
Ainsworth collected data using a one-way mirror and video camera in controlled conditions.
Which of the following is not relevant to Ainsworth's study?
a) Separation anxiety
b) Aggressive behaviour
c) Stranger anxiety
c) Reunion behaviour
b.
Aggressive behaviour is not relevant to Ainsworth's study.
One of Ainsworth's behavioural categories is contact and interaction-resisting behaviour, which consists of:
a) wriggling to be put down, rejecting attempts of play or comfort
b) clinging on the caregiver
c) looking for the caregiver at frequent intervals
a.
One of Ainsworth's behavioural categories is contact and interaction-resisting behaviour, which consists of wriggling to be put down, rejecting attempts of play or comfort.
How many episodes form the procedure of Ainsworth's Strange Situation?
Eight episodes (of three minutes per episode) form the procedure of Ainsworth's Strange Situation.
Which one of the following is not an example of insecure resistant attachment?
a) High levels of stranger anxiety and separation distress
b) Infants show increased levels of proximity-seeking behaviour
c) Infants do not show proximity-seeking or secure-base behaviour
c.
Insecure resistant attachments do not show proximity-seeking or secure-base behaviour.
Insecure resistant attachment behaviours may present as high levels of stranger and anxiety.
Insecure resistant attachment behaviours may present as high levels of stranger anxiety and separation anxiety.
True or False?
The findings of The Strange Situation have good predictive validity for children's development.
True.
The findings of The Strange Situation have good predictive validity for children's development.
Infants assessed as securely attached (type B) tend to have better outcomes later in life.
A strength of the Strange Situation is that 94% of agreement was found in the observations of attachment types. This is an example of:
a) external validity
b) ecological validity
c) inter-observer reliability
c.
A strength of the Strange Situation is that 94% of agreement was found in the observations of attachment types. This is an example of inter-observer reliability.
Ainsworth conducted the Strange Situation in an artificial environment, which means that the study lacks validity.
Ainsworth conducted the Strange Situation in an artificial environment, which means that the study lacks ecological validity.
What is meant by cultural variations?
Cultural variations refer to how behaviour may be a product of cultural norms and social practices.
What is meant by inter-cultural differences, and what is meant by intra-cultural differences?
Inter-cultural differences refer to differences between cultures; intra-cultural differences refer to differences within the same culture.
Which one of the following countries was not included in Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg's (1988) meta-analysis of cross-cultural replications of the Strange Situation?
a) Sweden
b) Japan
c) France
d) Israel
c.
France was not included in Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg's (1988) meta-analysis of cross-cultural replications of the Strange Situation.
True or False?
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg found that in collectivist cultures (such as China and Japan), insecure resistant attachment represents 25% of infants assessed.
True.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg found that in collectivist cultures (such as China and Japan), insecure resistant attachment represents 25% of infants assessed.
Which attachment type did Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg find to be the most common across cultures?
a) Secure
b) Insecure avoidant
c) Insecure resistant
a.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg found secure attachment to be the most common across cultures.
True or False?
Simonelli et al.'s (2014) findings support the findings of Ainsworth's original Strange Situation study.
False.
Simonelli et al.'s (2014) findings do not support the findings of Ainsworth's original Strange Situation study.
They found that 50% of infants were securely attached, which is lower than in Ainsworth's original Strange Situation study.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg found 150% greater variation in -cultural studies greater than in -cultural studies.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg found 150% greater variation in intra-cultural studies than in inter-cultural studies.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg's large sample of 2000 participants across 32 studies generates robust quantitative data. This increases the study's:
a) reliability
b) ecological validity
c) predictive validity
a.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg's large sample of 2000 participants across 32 studies generates robust quantitative data. This increases the study's reliability.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg compared countries and not , which is a limitation as with each country there are many different cultural .
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg compared countries and not cultures, which is a limitation as with each country there are many different cultural variations.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg's study used which two types of data?
a) Quantitative data
b) Qualitative data
c) Primary data
d) Secondary data
a and d.
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg's study used quantitative data (the effect size calculated in the meta-analysis) and secondary data (the use of other researcher's findings).