Exam code: 7182
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What type of disorder is depression?
Depression is a mood disorder (also known as an affective disorder).
For a diagnosis of depression to be determined, symptoms must have been present for no less than:
a) one month
b) six weeks
c) two weeks
c.
For a diagnosis of depression to be determined, symptoms must have been present for no less than two weeks.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder could be characterised by:
a) childhood tantrums
b) long-term, recurring depression
c) obsessive thoughts
a.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder could be characterised by childhood tantrums.
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What type of disorder is depression?
Depression is a mood disorder (also known as an affective disorder).
For a diagnosis of depression to be determined, symptoms must have been present for no less than:
a) one month
b) six weeks
c) two weeks
c.
For a diagnosis of depression to be determined, symptoms must have been present for no less than two weeks.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder could be characterised by:
a) childhood tantrums
b) long-term, recurring depression
c) obsessive thoughts
a.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder could be characterised by childhood tantrums.
Affected sleep is a characteristic of depression.
Affected sleep is a behavioural characteristic of depression.
Which one of the following is a behavioural characteristic of depression?
a) Sadness
b) Affected appetite
c) Poor concentration
d) Low self-esteem
b.
Affected appetite is a behavioural characteristic of depression.
Which one of the following is not a category of depression according to the DSM-5?
a) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
b) Persistent depressive disorder
c) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
d) Disturbing depressive disorder
d.
Disturbing depressive disorder is not a category of depression according to the DSM-5.
What does the cognitive characteristic of catastrophising entail?
Catastrophising entails adopting an 'end-of-the-world' mindset in which even the smallest setback is viewed as a tragedy or emergency.
Which of the following is not an emotional characteristic of depression?
a) Sadness
b) Inability to make decisions
c) Loss of interest
d) Anger
b.
Inability to make decisions is not an emotional characteristic of depression.
True or False?
Major depressive disorder is a severe but long-term type of depression.
False.
Major depressive disorder is a severe but short-term type of depression.
What is the key defining emotion of depression?
Sadness is the key defining emotion of depression and may bring with it feelings of hopelessness.
The cognitive approach to explaining depression (Beck, 1967) involves the role of internal processes in determining behaviour.
The cognitive approach to explaining depression (Beck, 1967) involves the role of internal mental processes in determining behaviour.
Which one of the following is not an example of the cognitive approach to explaining depression?
a) Irrational thoughts
b) Faulty information processing
c) Negative self-schemas
d) Irregular neurotransmission
d.
Irregular neurotransmission is not an example of the cognitive approach to explaining depression.
True or False?
Over-generalising involves taking one, usually isolated, incident and conflating it to include all possible events, consequences, outcomes, states, etc.
True.
Over-generalising involves taking one, usually isolated, incident and conflating it to include all possible events, consequences, outcomes, states, etc.
Which one of the following is not a component of Beck's (1963) negative triad?
a) Negative view of the media
b) Negative view of the self
c) Negative view of the world
d) Negative view of the future
a.
A negative view of the media is not a component of Beck's (1963) negative triad.
A negative view of the world might be expressed as:
a) 'I am not worthy of love'
b) 'I am doomed to live a life of failure'
c) 'Everyone at work hates me'
c.
'Everyone at work hates me' expresses a negative view of the world.
Define schema.
A schema is a shortcut that acts as a mental framework that people use to organise and categorise their ideas and experiences of the world.
Depression involves the development of a negative -schema.
Depression involves the development of a negative self-schema.
Which of the following is an example of a negative self-schema?
a) 'I feel that I can have a successful relationship'
b) 'I am capable'
c) 'I can't seem to get anything right'
c.
'I can't seem to get anything right' is an example of a negative self-schema.
True or False?
Beck's theory has poor application to treating depression.
False
Beck's theory has good application to treating depression.
Cognitive behavioural therapy is used to identify, challenge and change irrational thoughts and negative self-schema in the treatment of depression.
True or False?
Beck’s theory lacks a holistic approach.
True.
Beck’s theory does not consider the influence of biological factors in depression, e.g., the key role played by serotonin.
Beck’s theory cannot highlight why irrational thoughts occur, which means that the theory lacks power.
Beck’s theory cannot highlight why irrational thoughts occur, which means that the theory lacks explanatory power.
Ellis claimed that irrational thoughts interfere with:
a) success
b) intelligence
c) happiness
d) sadness
c.
Ellis claimed that irrational thoughts interfere with happiness.
Ellis placed emphasis on good mental health being the result of a of irrational .
Ellis placed emphasis on good mental health being the result of a lack of irrational thinking.
What does the A stand for in Ellis' ABC model?
The A stands for activating event in Ellis' ABC model.
True or False?
Ellis claims that rational beliefs lead to healthy consequences.
True.
Ellis claims that rational beliefs lead to healthy consequences.
E.g., 'So, I lost my job; it's no big deal. I'd better start looking for another one'.
Which one of the following is not an example of an activating event?
a) Losing a job
b) Starting a new hobby
c) Being ignored by a friend
d) The end of a relationship
b.
Starting a new hobby is not an example of an activating event.
, according to Ellis, are irrational thoughts associated with the event.
Beliefs, according to Ellis, are irrational thoughts associated with the activating event.
The ABC of Ellis' model refers to:
a) activating event, beliefs, consequences
b) activating events, beliefs, changes
c) accelerating emotion, bitterness, catastrophising
d) activating event brings catastrophising
a.
The ABC of Ellis' model refers to activating event, beliefs, consequences.
True or False?
A (activating event) + B does not always = C (consequences).
False.
A (activating event) + B always = C (consequences), according to Ellis.
Ellis' theory takes which approach?
a) Nomothetic
b) Psychodynamic
c) Idiographic
d) Deterministic
c.
Ellis' theory takes an idiographic approach.
This is useful in the study of mental illnesses as no two experiences of depression are identical.
True or False?
One limitation of Ellis' theory is that irrational thoughts may not actually be irrational at all.
True.
One limitation of Ellis' theory is that irrational thoughts may not actually be irrational at all.
Irrational thoughts may offer an unbiased and realistic appraisal of a negative event or situation.
What is the name of the therapy developed by Ellis ?
a) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
b) Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
c) Irrational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
d) ABC Therapy
b.
Ellis developed Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy.
This has been successful in treating depression and changing irrational thought patterns.
True or False?
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the most commonly used psychological treatment for depression.
True.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the most commonly used psychological treatment for depression.
Which one of the following is not included in CBT?
a) Cognitive restructuring
b) Role-playing
c) Unconditional positive regard
d) Guided discovery
c.
Unconditional positive regard is not included in CBT.
Activity scheduling and behaviour activation involve acting on and avoiding .
Activity scheduling and behaviour activation involve acting on decisions and avoiding procrastination.
True or False?
A course of CBT generally takes between 1-4 sessions.
False.
A course of CBT generally takes between 5-20 sessions with the client and therapist meeting every week or fortnight, with each session lasting between 30-60 minutes.
Clients are often set homework as part of CBT to record events, which can be used in the sessions to help them challenge thoughts.
Clients are often set homework as part of CBT to record positive events, which can be used in the sessions to help them challenge irrational thoughts.
What does REBT extend Ellis' ABC model to?
REBT extends Ellis' ABC model to ABCDE (D is for Dispute and E is for Effect).
The two types of arguments identified by Ellis in rational emotive behaviour therapy are arguments and arguments.
The two types of arguments identified by Ellis in rational emotive behaviour therapy are empirical arguments and logical arguments.
Empirical arguments dispute if there is real evidence to support the irrational belief.
Logical arguments dispute if negative thought follows logically from the facts.
March et al. (2007) found that CBT was more successful at treating depression in adolescents than:
a) psychoanalysis
b) drug therapy
c) systematic desensitisation
b.
March et al. (2007) found that CBT was more successful at treating depression in adolescents than drug therapy.
CBT may not work for people who do not like to express themselves freely or who lack the verbal or intellectual skills to do so, which means that it does not account for:
a) ethics
b) gender
c) individual differences
c.
CBT may not work for people who do not like to express themselves freely or who lack the verbal or intellectual skills to do so, which means that it does not account for individual differences.
Which side of the debates does CBT favour?
a) The free will side of the determinism-free will debate
b) The nature side of the nature-nurture debate
c) The reductionism side of the reductionism-holism debate
CBT allows the patient to develop at their own pace, which means that it falls more towards the free will side of the determinism-free will debate.