Evaluating Types of Feedback (AQA GCSE Physical Education (PE)) : Revision Note
Evaluating Types of Feedback
Feedback is information received by a performer that relates to their performance; its purpose is to allow improvement for future performance
Feedback can be:
Positive/negative
Knowledge of results/knowledge of performance
Extrinsic/intrinsic
Positive/negative feedback
Positive feedback involves praise; a performer is told when they are doing something right; this is essential because:
It means that a performer knows to repeat an action in the same way
It can be highly motivating
Negative feedback involves telling a performer that they have done something incorrectly; this type of feedback should involve:
Telling a performer exactly what is incorrect about an action
Discussion of how to correct the action for the future
Positive feedback is generally more effective than negative feedback for beginners, as it is likely to be motivating and to encourage continued participation
Elite performers tend to have learned how to respond well to negative feedback, and will see it as an essential part of improving performance
Knowledge of results/knowledge of performance feedback
Knowledge of results (KR) feedback involves knowing the outcome of a performance; this is likely to be a statistic that forms part of a final result, e.g.
The score at the end of a tennis match
The position of a performer in a swimming race
A performer's time in a distance running event
The height achieved in a high jump event
Knowledge of performance (KP) feedback relates to individual performance regardless of any final result, e.g.
The timing of a backhand stroke in tennis
How clean a landing is after a beam performance in gymnastics
How quickly a runner leaves the blocks in a sprint
An evaluation of the use of KR and KP feedback for beginners and elite performance could include:
Knowledge of results/knowledge of performance table
Knowledge of results | Knowledge of performance | |
Beginners | Beginners may be demotivated by results if they often lose against more experienced performers Beginners are likely to understand what results mean, so this can be a simple way of understanding the quality of a performance | Can be too complex for beginners to understand so must be carefully tailored to suit the level of the performer Can allow beginners to assess their performance independently of the performance of other competitors |
Elite performers | Elite athletes may use KR feedback in goal setting and assessment of progress | Can provide detailed knowledge that allows elite performers to work towards improved results |
Extrinsic/intrinsic feedback
Extrinsic feedback comes from others, e.g. a coach, teammates or the reactions of a crowd
Intrinsic feedback is a performer's own impressions of their performance, e.g. how the muscles feel during a movement, what can be seen of the results of an action or a performer's emotional response to their performance
Extrinsic feedback tends to be more valuable to beginners as they may not have enough knowledge or experience to determine the quality of their own performance
Elite performers have enough experience to interpret intrinsic feedback so they are able to make use of both extrinsic and intrinsic feedback
Examiner Tips and Tricks
You need to be able to choose which type of feedback to give to a beginner or an elite performer, and to justify your choice.
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