Dot And Cross Diagram - GCSE Chemistry Definition

A dot and cross diagram is a simple way to show how atoms bond together in molecules by sharing or transferring electrons. In these diagrams, the outer shell electrons of atoms are represented as dots or crosses, which helps us see how the electrons are arranged and shared between atoms. Common examples of molecules that GCSE students can be asked to draw are:

• Hydrogen, H₂

• Hydrogen chloride, HCl

• Chlorine, Cl₂

For example, if two atoms share a pair of electrons, one dot from one atom and one cross from another atom will be placed between them.

This diagram is particularly helpful when figuring out covalent and ionic bonds during GCSE Chemistry studies, allowing students to visualise the interaction and arrangement of electrons in different molecules.