Volcano - GCSE Geography Definition

A volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface where molten rock, gases, and ash can escape from within the Earth. Most volcanoes are found where tectonic plates meet. When a volcano erupts, it can shoot out lava, which is hot, melted rock, as well as clouds of ash and volcanic gases. Over time, these eruptions build up layers of lava and ash around the opening, forming a mountain-like structure. The two most common types of volcanoes are composite and shield, which have differing characteristics. Some famous examples of volcanoes include Mount Vesuvius in Italy and Mount St. Helens in the United States. Volcanic eruptions can be dangerous, but also create rich soils and new landforms.