1
2 marks
Study Figure 12a which shows the continents of origin of refugees entering the USA between 1990 and 2010.
Suggest one issue resulting from refugees entering HICs like the USA.
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Impacts of Globalisation (Edexcel IGCSE Geography): Exam Questions
Exam code: 4GE1
2 hours24 questions
2
2 marks
Describe the nature of the global shift in manufacturing.
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3a
2 marks
Study Figure 8b.
Calculate the range in the ‘Ease of doing business’ index for Sub-Saharan Africa.
You must show all your workings in the space below.
3b
2 marks
Identify the differences in the ‘Ease of doing business’ index between Europe and Central Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
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4
2 marks
Explain one advantage of mass tourism.
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5
1 mark
Identify one disadvantage of mass tourism.
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6
1 mark
Identify one factor that has encouraged growth of mass tourism.
access to more forests
availability of jobs
faster transport
increased exports
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7
2 marks
State one reason why a government might want to encourage tourism.
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8
1 mark
Identify one disadvantage of transnational corporations (TNCs) for host countries.
job creation
technology transfer
profits leak out of the country
increased tax revenue
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9
1 mark
State one environmental impact of tourism.
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10
2 marks
Explain one negative environmental impact of the growth of global tourism.
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1
4 marks
Describe the consequences for an emerging country when its place in the world economy changes.
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2a
2 marks
Study Figure 8a.
Identify two countries labelled in Figure 8a with the highest index of globalisation.
2b
4 marks
Suggest two possible reasons for the pattern shown on Figure 8a.
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3
4 marks
Explain two positive impacts of migration for destination areas.
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4
4 marks
Suggest two reasons for the pattern shown on Figure 8a.
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5
4 marks
Explain two positive impacts of globalisation.
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6
4 marks
Explain two reasons why trade is important for the global economy.
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7
4 marks
Explain one positive and one negative impact of migration on people.
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8
4 marks
Explain one benefit and one cost to a developing or emerging country of hosting a transnational corporation (TNC).
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1
6 marks
Study Figure 8c.
Assess the different factors that have caused the rise in global tourism.
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2
6 marks
Discuss the costs and benefits that TNCs bring to countries in which they locate.
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3
12 marks
Discuss the view. 'The causes and impacts of globalisation are distributed unevenly.'
Use Figures 8a, 8b and 8c and your own knowledge and understanding to support your answer.
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4
12 marks
Discuss the extent to which economic factors have been more important than technological factors in causing the growth of global mass tourism.
You must refer to Figure 8c and your own knowledge and understanding in your answer.
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5
6 marks
Study Figure 9a.
Figure 9a: Approaches to sustainable tourism
Approach | Named developed country | Named developing or emerging country |
|---|---|---|
Limiting visitor numbers | National park visitor caps introduced in some areas to reduce erosion and overcrowding | Gorilla trekking permits strictly limited to protect endangered species and reduce habitat disturbance |
Eco-certification schemes | Government-backed eco-labelling for hotels and tour operators meeting sustainability standards | Community-run eco-lodges certified by national tourism boards to ensure local benefit |
Community involvement | Local communities consulted on tourism development plans; some profit-sharing schemes in place | Tourism revenue directed into community funds for schools, healthcare, and conservation |
Transport policies | Investment in low-carbon transport options such as electric buses in tourist hotspots | Limited infrastructure making low-carbon transport difficult; most tourists rely on internal flights or road travel |
Education and awareness | Tourist information campaigns promoting responsible behaviour at natural and cultural sites | Ranger-led guided tours educating visitors about local ecosystems and conservation challenges |
Using Figure 9a, assess how effective these approaches are in making tourism more sustainable.
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6
12 marks
Study Figure 10a.
'The world has never been more connected. International trade has more than doubled in value since 2000. Over 280 million people now live outside their country of birth. Global tourism generates over $1.5 trillion in export earnings each year, supporting millions of jobs worldwide. Yet for many communities in developing countries, the benefits of this connected world remain out of reach. Wages in TNC factories are often a fraction of those paid in developed countries, while profits flow back to wealthy shareholders abroad. Migration separates families, drains skilled workers from the countries that trained them, and leaves millions vulnerable to exploitation.'
'Globalisation has brought more benefits than problems for people around the world.'
Discuss this view. Use Figure 10a and your own knowledge.
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