Exam code: 0610 & 0970
1 markWhich of the following is a correct example of a population?
All the animals in a forest.
All the goldfish in a pond.
All the species of animals in Europe.
All the people born in Scotland over a 150-year period.
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1 markThe diagram below illustrates part of the carbon cycle.
Which process is shown by the arrow labelled Y?
Photosynthesis
Feeding
Respiration
Combustion
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1 markA food chain is shown below.
tree ➔ small insects ➔ small birds ➔ birds of prey
One of the pyramids of number below represents this food chain.
Which one would be correct?
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1 markWhich of the processes below is carried out by bacteria in the roots of leguminous plants?
Nitrogen fixation
Decomposition
Nitrification
Denitrification
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1 markWhich of the following diagrams show a pyramid of biomass for a forest?
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1 markWhich of the following is an example of a community?
All the populations of all species in a forest.
All the goldfish in a pond.
All the wheat and corn in a field.
All the plants in a forest.
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The diagram shows a woodland food web.
Which statement is correct?
The rabbit and the frog are both herbivores
The fox and the hawk are both secondary consumers.
The frog is a tertiary consumer.
The rabbit and the snail are both primary consumers.
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The diagram shows a food web in a desert.
Which organisms are all secondary consumers?
desert foxes, hawks, large lizards and desert snakes
desert foxes and hawks only
kangaroo rats and small lizards
large lizards and desert snakes only
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What is an example of a population?
all the arthropods in a pond
all the crocodiles in a river
all the plants in a wood
all the zebras that lived from 1990–2010
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Which process uses the principal source of energy input to biological systems?
Ingestion
Decomposition
Photosynthesis
Respiration
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The food web shows the feeding relationships in a woodland.
If all the chaffinches in the food web die, which effect would this have?
The amount of damage to trees will increase.
The food supply for grey squirrels will increase.
The number of wood pigeons will increase.
The population of caterpillars will decrease.
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The diagram shows the feeding relationships in a food web.
Which organism may feed as both a secondary and a tertiary consumer?
fox
owl
blackbird
rabbit
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1 markThe image below shows a pyramid of biomass for a food chain in a rainforest ecosystem.
What would be an appropriate pyramid of numbers for this food chain?
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1 markThe graph below shows the growth of the human population globally since 1630.
Which of the following options represents the longest time period taken for the population of humans to double?
100 years
200 years
300 years
400 years
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1 markThe image shows a food web.
Which organism, from the food web, feeds on the greatest variety of organisms?
Whelks
Crabs
Limpets
Mussels
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1 markThe diagram below shows part of the nitrogen cycle.
Which letter would represent denitrification?
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1 markWhich letter shows the path of the energy from the sun?
chemical energy in sugars → stored in plants → trapped in chlorophyll
trapped in chlorophyll → chemical energy in sugars → stored in plants
stored in plants → chemical energy in sugars → trapped in chlorophyll
stored in plants → trapped in chlorophyll → chemical energy in sugars
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The table shows processes in the carbon cycle that release carbon dioxide into the air, or remove carbon dioxide from the air.
Which row is correct?
releases carbon dioxide into the air | removes carbon dioxide from the air | |
|---|---|---|
A | decay | photosynthesis |
B | combustion | respiration |
C | photosynthesis | combustion |
D | respiration | decay |
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The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle
Which row identifies the bacteria involved in processes W, X, Y and Z?
W | X | Y | Z | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
A | denitrifying | decomposer | nitrifying | nitrogen-fixing |
B | denitrifying | nitrifying | decomposer | nitrogen-fixing |
C | nitrifying | decomposer | nitrogen-fixing | denitrifying |
D | nitrogen-fixing | nitrifying | decomposer | denitrifying |
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A herd of red deer live in a forest that contains snakes and a large variety of birds.
Which group of organisms is an example of a population?
All the animals in the forest
All the red deer in the forest
All the organisms in the forest
All the plants in the forest
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The diagram shows the flow of energy.
Which form of energy is transferred at points 1 and 3 in the diagram?
1 | 3 | |
A | chemical | chemical |
B | heat | light |
C | light | chemical |
D | light | heat |
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1 markThe graphs below show how the number of carnivores change over a period of time in a habitat.
At point X the herbivores in the habitat are removed.
Which graph correctly shows the effect of this on the number of carnivores?
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1 markThe graph shows how the world population of humans has increased from 1650 until the year 2000.
Which stage in this sigmoidal population curve is shown by point X?
Stationary phase
Lag phase
Exponential (log) phase
Death phase
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1 markWhich statement gives the best explanation for why most food chains have no more than five trophic levels?
Because 20% of the energy is transferred at each level and after 5 levels, all the energy is used up (5 × 20% = 100%).
The numbers of organisms are insufficient because the top predator has to have a count of 1 in a pyramid of numbers.
The biomass transferred from a consumer to the next-level consumer is too little.
There is a large amount of energy loss at each level so insufficient energy can be passed up to the sixth trophic level.
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1 markLook at the information about a food chain.
Organism | Number | Total biomass of trophic level / kg |
Oak tree | 1 | 400,000 |
Aphids | 9,000 | 900 |
Predatory midges | 120 | 45 |
What is the percentage biomass of the aphids transferred to the midges?
0.05 %
1.3 %
5%
0.225 %
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1 markA scientist grew some bacterial cells in ideal growth conditions.
Each bacterial cell can reproduce itself once in a 30 minute period.
For an initial population of 10 bacterial cells, how many cells will be present in the population after 8 hours of cell reproduction? You can assume that 10% of the bacterial cells die in the final few minutes before the end of the growth period.
655 360 cells
589 824 cells
144 cells
65 536 cells
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The graph shows a population growth curve for a species of insect which has been introduced to an island.
How long after the introduction does the insect population start to be limited by resources such as food?
50 days
100 days
150 days
200 days
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