Exam code: 0610 & 0970
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Which of the following is a correct function of bile?
To emulsify proteins
To neutralise the alkaline conditions of food entering the duodenum
To provide enzymes for the digestion of lipids
To increase the surface area of lipids for digestion
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The diagram below shows part of the human digestive system.
In which structure is most of the water from food absorbed?
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The diagram below shows four different types of human teeth.
Which teeth would be used to grind and chew food?
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 only
2, 3 and 4
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Which of the following best describes the function of vitamin D in a human?
Vitamin D forms an essential part of collagen protein which is the main component of skin, hair and nails.
Vitamin D is needed for strong ligaments and a deficiency may cause ligament tears.
Vitamin D assists with the absorption of calcium and is therefore needed to build strong bones and teeth.
Vitamin D is an important component of haemoglobin which is needed for the transport of oxygen to the cells.
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Which of the following is not an example of physical digestion?
Breaking food up into smaller pieces by chewing it.
Starch being broken down into glucose molecules.
Food being churned when the muscles in the stomach lining contracts.
Bile breaking large fat droplets up into smaller ones during emulsification.
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In which part of the body of a mammal does physical digestion occur?
Gall bladder
Liver
Mouth
Pancreas
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Which disease can be caused by a lack of vitamin C?
AIDS
Coronary heart disease
Rickets
Scurvy
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In humans, where does most of the absorption of digested food take place?
colon
kidney
liver
small intestine
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What are the products when proteins are broken down?
amino acids
fatty acids
glycerol
simple sugars
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Where does most of the absorption of water take place in the alimentary canal?
colon
oesophagus
small intestine
stomach
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What is the dietary importance of fibre in humans?
For growth and repair of cells
To help food move through the alimentary canal
To maintain strong bones and teeth
To provide energy
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How does physical digestion help chemical digestion?
It changes large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules.
It increases the surface area of food.
It provides the acidic conditions needed.
It absorbs digested nutrients directly into the blood.
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Amylase is a digestive enzyme.
Which of the following correctly identifies the product(s) of amylase digestion.
amino acids
fatty acids and glycerol
simple reducing sugars
starch
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The diagram below shows the organs of the digestive system.
In which organs does the digestion of proteins take place?
W and Y
W and Z
Z only
W and X
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Which of the following is a correct cause and effect?
| deficiency | cause | effect |
A | iron | diet deficient in red meat, leafy green vegetables and liver | brittle bones (rickets) |
B | iron | lack of sunlight, fish and eggs | anaemia - tiredness and weakness due to not enough oxygen being delivered to tissues |
C | vitamin D | lack of sunlight | brittle bones (rickets) |
D | vitamin D | diet deficient in red meat, leafy green vegetables and liver | anaemia - tiredness and weakness due to not enough oxygen being delivered to tissues |
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Which of the following descriptions are correctly matched to the different stages of food breakdown?
| absorption | assimilation | egestion |
A | small soluble food molecules move into the bloodstream | small soluble food molecules cross the cell membrane of cells | excretion of undigested or unabsorbed food through the anus |
B | small soluble food molecules move into the bloodstream | small soluble food molecules cross the cell membrane of cells | passing out of undigested or unabsorbed food through the anus |
C | small soluble food molecules cross the cell membrane of cells | small soluble food molecules move into the bloodstream | passing out of undigested or unabsorbed food through the anus |
D | small soluble food molecules cross the cell membrane of cells | small soluble food molecules move into the bloodstream | excretion of undigested or unabsorbed food through the anus |
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Which of the following could be the correct effect and explanation of a disease that results in a reduced number of villi in the small intestine?
| effect | explanation |
A | weight gain | reduced absorption of digested food molecules |
B | weight gain | reduced digestion of maltose to glucose, less glucose absorbed |
C | weight loss | reduced lipid digestion and absorption |
D | weight loss | reduced absorption of digested food molecules |
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The diagram below shows a villus.
In which vessel would the concentration of fatty acids be highest?
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The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.
Which structure produces lipase?
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In which part of the alimentary canal does ingestion take place?
Anus
Liver
Mouth
Stomach
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The diagram shows the human alimentary canal, with a string marked in metres beside it.
How long is the small intestine?
2 m
6 m
8 m
9 m
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A new smoothie that claims to provide a balanced diet contains the following ingredients:
Ingredients |
Soya protein |
Iron |
Fibre |
Low-fat milk |
Water |
What ingredients are missing from the smoothie for it to be a balanced diet product?
calcium, carbohydrates, vitamins (C and D), fats and oils
carbohydrates, vitamins (C and D), fats and oils
vitamins (C and D) and mineral ions
vitamins (C and D) and calcium
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Which of the following describe prevention methods for rickets?
vitamin D supplementation, adequate intake of protein, adequate intake of iron.
vitamin D supplementation, adequate intake of calcium, avoid exposure to sunlight
vitamin D supplementation, adequate intake of calcium, exposure to sunlight
foods that are high in vitamin D, vitamin A supplementation, adequate intake of fibre
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Which row correctly matches the enzyme to what it breaks down?
enzyme | what it breaks down | |
|---|---|---|
A | amylase | fats |
B | maltase | starch |
C | pepsin | starch |
D | trypsin | protein |
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Below is a diagram of the digestive system
Which row correctly identifies the labelled organs?
Organ 1 | Organ 2 | Organ 3 | Organ 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Teeth | Stomach | Gall bladder | Liver |
B | Salivary glands | Stomach | Liver | Pancreas |
C | Mouth | Liver | Stomach | Pancreas |
D | Mouth | Liver | Gall bladder | Small intestine |
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The graph below shows the change in concentration of pathogens as food passes through the stomach.
Which of the following is the main factor that explains the shape of the curve?
alkaline conditions
protease enzymes
acidic conditions
churning activity
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Below are diagrams of human teeth.
Which row correctly identifies the teeth shown?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
A | Premolar | Molar | Canine | Canine |
B | Molar | Premolar | Incisor | Canine |
C | Premolar | Molar | Incisor | Canine |
D | Incisor | Molar | Premolar | Incisor |
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A student ate a meal which contained a type of biomolecule, X.
The digestion of biomolecule X started in the mouth, and finished in the duodenum.
What is the product of the digestion of biomolecule X?
Amino acids
Protein
Glucose
Starch
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Below is a list of chemical reactions that occur during digestion.
Protein → amino acids
Starch → maltose
Lipids → fatty acids + glycerol
Maltose → glucose
Which of the chemical reactions above might occur in the duodenum?
1, 3 and 4
4 only
2, 3 and 4
All 4
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Which of the following shows the correct role of a substance made during digestion?
| substance | made by | effect |
A | trypsin | stomach | digests proteins into amino acids |
B | bile | gallbladder | neutralising acidic mixture of food entering the duodenum from the stomach |
C | gastric juice | stomach | denaturing enzymes in harmful microorganisms and optimising pH for pepsin activity |
D | bile | liver | neutralising alkaline mixture of food entering the duodenum from the stomach |
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The diagram below shows the activity of salivary amylase on a starch molecule.
Which of the following is not a function of salivary amylase?
Increasing the rate of breakdown of starch molecules
Increasing the rate of starch breakdown into maltose molecules
Breaking a large insoluble molecule into smaller soluble molecules
Increasing the rate of starch breakdown into glucose molecules
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The diagram below shows the organs of the digestive system, including the alimentary canal and accessory organs.
Where are most of the digestive lipase enzymes made in the body?
2 only
4 only
3 and 4
1 and 4
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The diagram shows villi in a healthy small intestine and in a person with coeliac disease.
A person with coeliac disease may become undernourished even if they eat enough food.
Which is the best explanation?
The surface area exposed to food is reduced, which stops chemical digestion from taking place in the small intestine.
The damaged villi prevent enough digestive enzymes from being secreted into the small intestine.
The surface area of the small intestine is reduced so fewer digested nutrients are absorbed into the blood.
The damaged villi cause food to move through the intestine too slowly to be digested.
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