Worship in a Synagogue (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Religious Studies): Revision Note

What is a synagogue?

• Synagogue comes from a Greek word meaning “assembly”

• A synagogue is a Jewish place of communal worship, a place to learn about the Jewish faith and is often used as a community centre

  • The main prayers happen in the prayer hall, which is usually rectangular with seats on three sides facing inwards

  • There are certain features that appear in all synagogues, both Orthodox and Reform

• The synagogue is important for several reasons

  • It is a symbol of faith and identity

  • It helps to preserve Jewish traditions

  • It also encourages community support and charity (tzedakah)

The synagogue as a centre for Jewish worship

• A synagogue is a space for worship and prayer

  • Jews believe it is good to pray together, but there must be a minimum of ten people present for certain prayers to be said

    • This is called a minyan

• Many Jews go to synagogue for a Shabbat service on Friday and Saturday

  • On Friday evening, Shabbat is welcomed with special prayers, hymns and psalms

  • On Saturday morning, there are readings from the Torah and the Nevi’im, and this service is considered the main service of the week

  • On Saturday evening, there are more readings from the Torah and prayers

    • The Havdalah ceremony marks the end of Shabbat

  • The services vary between synagogues but share a similar overall structure

The synagogue as the centre of the Jewish community

• The synagogue is not just a place of worship; it is also the heart of Jewish communal life

  • The synagogue is an important centre for Jewish communities where meetings take place and social gatherings happen

• It plays a central role in religious, social, educational and charitable aspects of the Jewish community

  • Judaism promotes lifelong learning and helps pass on Jewish beliefs and practices to future generations

    • Many synagogues run a cheder for children to learn Hebrew and Jewish traditions

    • Adults can also take part in study sessions or lectures on the Torah and Jewish law

  • Synagogues often hold charity events and have various activities for young people

    • Synagogues often host events such as festivals, community meals and youth groups

    • The synagogue offers a place for Jewish identity to be expressed and celebrated and encourages a sense of belonging and unity among members

  • Synagogues support both local and global causes, including food banks, fundraisers and care for the sick or elderly

    • This is central to Jewish teachings about tzedakah and gemilut chasadim

  • The synagogue often provides emotional, spiritual and practical support for individuals and families

    • This can sometimes be during times of crisis, when counselling may be offered