Functions (Edexcel A Level Maths: Pure): Exam Questions

Exam code: 9MA0

4 hours45 questions
14 marks

State whether the following mappings are one-to-one or many-to-one:

(i) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar 4 x minus 2

(ii) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar x squared

(iii) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar x over 4

(iv) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar square root of x

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23 marks

Find the range for the following functions, given their domains:

(i) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar straight e to the power of x space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers 

(ii) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar x squared plus 1 space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

(iii) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar 1 over x space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers comma space x not equal to 0 

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3a1 mark

The function straight f is defined by

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals x squared minus 4 

If the domain of straight f is x greater or equal than 0, find the range of straight f.

3b1 mark

If the domain of straight f is x less or equal than 0, find the range of straight f.

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43 marks

The function straight f open parentheses x close parentheses is defined as

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals x squared minus 9 

(i) If the domain of straight f is x greater or equal than 3, find the range of straight f.

(ii) If the domain of straight f is x greater or equal than 0, find the range of straight f.

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5a2 marks

The functions straight f open parentheses x close parentheses and straight g open parentheses x close parentheses are defined as follows:

 straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 3 x plus 5

straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals negative 2 x

Find and simplify expressions for

(i) fg open parentheses x close parentheses

(ii) gf open parentheses x close parentheses

 

5b1 mark

Solve the equation

straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses

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6a2 marks

The function straight f open parentheses x close parentheses is defined by

 straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 3 x squared plus 1 space space space space space space space space space space x greater or equal than 0

Find an algebraic expression for the inverse function, straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses.

6b2 marks

Find the domain and range of straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses.

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7a2 marks

Solve the equation 

vertical line 6 minus 2 x vertical line equals space 4

7b4 marks

On the same axes, sketch the graphs of y equals vertical line 6 minus 2 x vertical line and y equals 4.

Label clearly the coordinates of

  • any points of intersection between the two graphs

  • any points where the graphs meet the coordinate axes

7c3 marks

Consider the graphs of y equals vertical line 6 minus 2 x vertical line and y equals k, where k is a constant.

Find the values of k for which the graphs have

(i) no points of intersection,
(ii) exactly one point of intersection,
(iii) two points of intersection.

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8a1 mark

The functions straight f and straight g are defined as follows:

 straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals x squared space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 4 x minus 3 space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Find the range of straight f.

8b3 marks

Find

(i)      fg open parentheses x close parentheses

(ii) gf open parentheses x close parentheses

Give your answers in the form a x squared plus b x plus c where a, b and c are constants to be found.

8c2 marks

Solve the equation

straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses

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92 marks

Solve the equation 

 vertical line 4 x plus 2 vertical line equals 5

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10a1 mark

Find the largest possible domain for the function

 straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 2 over x

10b2 marks

Using the domain in part (a), sketch the graph of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses.

10c1 mark

Find the range of straight f open parentheses x close parentheses.

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112 marks

The graph of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses is shown below.

The dotted line has the equation y equals x

2-8-m-q5-edexcel-al-maths-pure

On the diagram, sketch the graph of y equals straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses.

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1a1 mark

The functions straight f and straight g are defined by

table row cell straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals 7 minus 2 x squared end cell blank cell x element of straight real numbers end cell blank blank row cell straight g open parentheses x close parentheses equals fraction numerator 3 x over denominator 5 x minus 1 end fraction end cell blank cell x element of straight real numbers end cell blank cell x not equal to 1 fifth end cell end table

State the range of straight f

1b1 mark

Find gf open parentheses 1.8 close parentheses

1c
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2 marks

Find straight g to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses

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24 marks

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Graph of the equation y = |3 - 2x|, forming a V shape that touches the x-axis at one point where x>0.
Figure 1

Figure 1 shows a sketch of the graph with equation y equals open vertical bar 3 minus 2 x close vertical bar

Solve

open vertical bar 3 minus 2 x close vertical bar equals 7 plus x

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31 mark

The point P left parenthesis negative 2 comma negative 5 right parenthesis lies on the curve with equation y equals straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis comma space space x element of straight real numbers

Find the point to which P is mapped, when the curve with equation y equals straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis is transformed to the curve with equation

y equals vertical line straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line

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43 marks

(i) Sketch the graph of y equals open vertical bar x close vertical bar plus 3.

(ii) Explain why open vertical bar x close vertical bar plus 3 greater or equal than open vertical bar x plus 3 close vertical bar for all real values of x.

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5a3 marks

The function straight f open parentheses x close parentheses is defined as

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals x to the power of 2 space end exponent minus 8 x minus 20 space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Sketch the curve y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses, labelling the coordinates of any points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.

5b2 marks

The minimum point on the curve y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses has an x -coordinate of 4.

Find the range of straight f open parentheses x close parentheses.

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6a5 marks

The function straight f open parentheses x close parentheses is defined as

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals x to the power of 2 space end exponent plus 2 x minus 3 space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Sketch the curve y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses, labelling the coordinates of any points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.

Find and label the coordinates of the turning point on your sketch.

6b1 mark

Find the range of straight f.

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73 marks

Find the largest possible domains of the following functions:

(i) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar square root of x

(ii) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar ln left parenthesis x minus 2 right parenthesis

(iii) straight f colon space x rightwards arrow from bar arcsin space x

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8a3 marks

On the same axes, sketch the graphs of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses and y equals vertical line straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line where

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals left parenthesis x plus 2 right parenthesis squared space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

 straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 2 x plus 4 space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Label the points at which the graphs meet the coordinate axes.

8b2 marks

Solve the equation 

open parentheses x plus 2 close parentheses squared equals vertical line 2 x plus 4 vertical line

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9a1 mark

The function straight f is defined as

straight f colon space x space rightwards arrow from bar space fraction numerator x squared plus 1 over denominator x squared end fraction space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers comma space x not equal to 0

 Show that straight f can be written in the form

 straight f colon space x space rightwards arrow from bar space a space plus space b over x squared space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers comma space x not equal to 0

where a and b are constants to be found.

9b1 mark

Explain why the inverse of straight f does not exist.

9c4 marks

The domain of straight f is changed to x greater than 0.

 Find straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses and state its domain and range.

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104 marks

State whether the following mappings are one-to-one or many-to-one:

(i)       straight f colon space x space rightwards arrow from bar space 2 minus x cubed

(ii) straight f colon space x space rightwards arrow from bar space sin space x

(iii)     straight f colon space x space rightwards arrow from bar space 1 over x squared

(iv) straight f colon space x space rightwards arrow from bar space ln space x

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11a4 marks

The functions straight f open parentheses x close parentheses and straight g open parentheses x close parentheses are defined as follows:

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 1 half left parenthesis 4 x minus 3 right parenthesis space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 0.5 x plus 0.75 space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Find and simplify

(i) fg left parenthesis x right parenthesis

(ii) gf left parenthesis x right parenthesis

11b3 marks

Explain why straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses and state the domain and range of straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses.

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12a4 marks

The functions straight f open parentheses x close parentheses and straight g open parentheses x close parentheses are defined as follows:

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals vertical line x minus 9 vertical line space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals x squared space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Sketch the graph of y equals fg open parentheses x close parentheses and label the coordinates of any points where the graph meets the coordinate axes.

12b2 marks

Find the number of solutions to the equation

fg open parentheses x close parentheses equals k

in the cases when:

(i) k equals 5

(ii) k equals 9

12c1 mark

Solve

fg open parentheses x close parentheses equals 0

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13a1 mark

The functions straight f and straight g are defined by:

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 3 x squared plus 2 space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

 straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 1 minus 3 x space space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Find the range of straight f.

13b4 marks

Find expressions for

(i)  fg open parentheses x close parentheses

(ii)  gf open parentheses x close parentheses

Give your answers in the form a x squared plus b x plus c where a, b and c are constants to be found.

13c2 marks

Solve the equation

straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses plus 1

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142 marks

The graph of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses is shown below.

The dotted line has the equation y equals x

28-q5-edexcel-al-maths-pure-hard

On the diagram, sketch the graph of y equals straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses.

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15a3 marks

On the same axes, sketch the graphs of y equals vertical line straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line  and y equals vertical line straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line where

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 3 x minus 1 space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 2 x plus 2 space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Label the coordinates of the points at which the graphs meet the coordinate axes.

15b3 marks

Solve the equation

vertical line straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line equals vertical line straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line

15c1 mark

Which of the solutions to vertical line straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line equals vertical line straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line is also a solution to straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis?

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1a2 marks

straight g open parentheses x close parentheses equals fraction numerator 2 x plus 5 over denominator x minus 3 end fraction space space space space space x greater or equal than 5

Find gg open parentheses 5 close parentheses.

1b1 mark

State the range of straight g.

1c3 marks

Find straight g to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses, stating its domain.

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2a2 marks

The function straight f is defined by

straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals fraction numerator 8 x plus 5 over denominator 2 x plus 3 end fraction space space space space space space space space space space space space space x greater than negative 3 over 2

Find straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses 3 over 2 close parentheses

2b2 marks

Show that

straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals A plus fraction numerator B over denominator 2 x plus 3 end fraction

where A and B are constants to be found.

2c1 mark

The function straight g is defined by

straight g open parentheses x close parentheses equals 16 minus x squared space space space space space space space space space space space space space 0 less or equal than x less or equal than 4

State the range of straight g to the power of negative 1 end exponent

2d3 marks

Find the range of space straight f straight g to the power of negative 1 end exponent

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3a2 marks
A graph with a parabola opening upwards, vertex at the origin, labelled x-axis and y-axis. Origin is marked O, axes have arrows indicating positive direction.
Figure 4

Figure 4 shows a sketch of the graph of y equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses, where

straight g open parentheses x close parentheses equals open curly brackets table row cell open parentheses x minus 2 close parentheses squared plus 1 end cell cell x less or equal than 2 end cell row cell 4 x minus 7 end cell cell x greater than 2 end cell end table close

Find the value of gg open parentheses 0 close parentheses.

3b
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4 marks

Find all the values of x for which

straight g open parentheses x close parentheses greater than 28

3c1 mark

The function straight h is defined by

straight h open parentheses x close parentheses equals open parentheses x minus 2 close parentheses squared plus 1 space space space x less or equal than 2

Explain why straight h has an inverse but straight g does not.

3d
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3 marks

Solve

straight h to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses equals negative 1 half

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4a2 marks
A V-shaped graph with its vertex at point P in the third quadrant.  The graph intersects the x-axis twice (both times to the left of the y-axis), and it intersects the y-axis once at a positive value of y. The axes are labelled x and y. The origin is marked O.
Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a sketch of the graph with equation

y space equals space 2 open vertical bar x plus 4 close vertical bar minus 5

The vertex of the graph is at the point P, shown in Figure 2.

Find the coordinates of P.

4b2 marks

Solve the equation

3 x plus 40 equals 2 open vertical bar x plus 4 close vertical bar minus 5

4c3 marks

A line l has equation y equals a x, where a is a constant.

Given that l intersects y equals 2 open vertical bar x plus 4 close vertical bar minus 5 at least once,

find the range of possible values of a, writing your answer in set notation.

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53 marks

Solve the equation vertical line x to the power of 2 space end exponent minus 4 vertical line equals 3 , giving your answers in exact form.

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6a4 marks

The functions straight f open parentheses x close parentheses and straight g open parentheses x close parentheses are defined by

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals straight e to the power of x minus 2 end exponent space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

 straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 2 plus ln space x space space space space space space space space space space space space x greater than 0

Find and simplify expressions for

(i) fg left parenthesis x right parenthesis

(ii) gf left parenthesis x right parenthesis

6b3 marks

Explain why straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses and state the domain and range of straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses.

6c1 mark

Describe the transformation that would map the graph of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses on to the graph of y equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses.

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7a4 marks

The functions straight f open parentheses x close parentheses and straight g open parentheses x close parentheses are defined by

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals vertical line x minus 2 vertical line minus 5 space space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals vertical line x vertical line space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Sketch the graph of y equals gf open parentheses x close parentheses.

Label clearly the coordinates of any points where the graph meets the coordinate axes.

7b2 marks

Find the number of solutions to the equation

gf open parentheses x close parentheses equals k

in the cases when:

(i) k equals 1

(ii) k equals 10

7c4 marks

Solve the equation

gf open parentheses x close parentheses equals 2

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8a1 mark

The functions straight f and straight g are defined by

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals x squared minus 2 space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 1 minus 2 over x space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers comma space x not equal to 0

Find the range of straight f.

8b4 marks

Leaving your answers as single algebraic fractions, find expressions for

(i)   fg open parentheses x close parentheses

(ii) gf open parentheses x close parentheses

8c4 marks

Use algebra to solve the equation

straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses

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9a3 marks

On the same axes, sketch the graphs of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses and y equals vertical line straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line where

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals square root of x space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space x greater or equal than 0

straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 2 x minus 3 space space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

Label the points at which the graphs meet the coordinate axes.

9b
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3 marks

Solve the equation

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals vertical line straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line

9c1 mark

Which (if any) of the solutions to straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals vertical line straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis vertical line are not solutions to straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses?

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10a4 marks

A function is defined by

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis space equals a vertical line x plus p vertical line plus q space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers

where a comma space p comma space q element of straight real numbers.

The graph of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parenthesesis shown below, where

  • A open parentheses 3 comma space 5 close parentheses is the local maximum point

  • open parentheses 0 comma space minus 7 close parentheses is the y-intercept

q7a-2-9-ib-aa-hl-further-functions-_-graphs-very-hard-dig

 

Find the values of a comma space p and q.

10b4 marks

Solve

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis space equals space open vertical bar 7 space minus space 2 x close vertical bar

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113 marks

Solve the equation 

vertical line x squared minus 9 vertical line equals 6 minus 0.25 x squared

giving your answers in exact form.

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1a2 marks

The function straight f is defined by

straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals fraction numerator 3 x minus 7 over denominator x minus 2 end fraction space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers comma space space x not equal to 2

Find straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses 7 close parentheses.

1b3 marks

Show that ff open parentheses x close parentheses equals fraction numerator a x plus b over denominator x minus 3 end fraction where a and b are integers to be found.

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2a4 marks
Graph of a V-shaped function with lines converging at some point on the positive x-axis.
Figure 4

Figure 4 shows a sketch of the graph with equation

y equals open vertical bar 2 x minus 3 k close vertical bar

where k is a positive constant.

Sketch the graph with equation y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses where

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals k minus open vertical bar 2 x minus 3 k close vertical bar

stating

  • the coordinates of the maximum point

  • the coordinates of any points where the graph cuts the coordinate axes

2b4 marks

Find, in terms of k, the set of values of x for which

k minus open vertical bar 2 x minus 3 k close vertical bar greater than x minus k

giving your answer in set notation.

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3a3 marks

table row cell straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals 2 x squared plus 4 x plus 9 end cell blank cell x element of straight real numbers end cell end table

Write straight f open parentheses x close parentheses in the form a open parentheses x plus b close parentheses squared plus c, where a comma space b and c are integers to be found.

3b3 marks

Sketch the curve with equation y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses showing any points of intersection with the coordinate axes and the coordinates of any turning point.

3c2 marks

Find the range of the function

table row cell straight h open parentheses x close parentheses equals fraction numerator 21 over denominator 2 x squared plus 4 x plus 9 end fraction end cell blank cell x element of straight real numbers end cell end table

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4a1 mark

The function straight f is defined by

straight f open parentheses x close parentheses equals 3 plus square root of x minus 2 end root space space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers space space space space space space space space space x greater than 2

State the range of straight f

4b3 marks

Find straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent

4c2 marks

The function straight g is defined by

straight g open parentheses x close parentheses equals fraction numerator 15 over denominator x minus 3 end fraction space space space space space space space space space space x element of straight real numbers space space space space space space space space x not equal to 3

Find gf open parentheses 6 close parentheses

4d
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2 marks

Find the exact value of the constant a for which

straight f open parentheses a squared plus 2 close parentheses equals straight g open parentheses a close parentheses

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5a3 marks

The function straight f is defined by

straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals left parenthesis x minus 3 right parenthesis squared left parenthesis x minus 4 right parenthesis squared space space space space space space space space space space space space space 2 less or equal than x less or equal than 5

Find the range of straight f.

You must show your working clearly.

5b1 mark

The domain of straight f is changed to x less or equal than 2

Find the range of straight f.

5c1 mark

Find a different domain of straight f that has the same range as in part (b).

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6a5 marks

The graph of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses is shown in the diagram below. The dotted line has equation y equals x.

You are given that

  • y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses has rotational symmetry about the origin

  • For x greater than 0, the vertices of the graph have coordinates open parentheses 3 comma space 6 close parentheses, open parentheses 6 comma space 6 close parentheses and open parentheses 9 comma space 0 close parentheses

  • y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses does not continue for x squared greater than 81

 

2-8-vh-q5-edexcel-al-maths-pure

(i) Find the domain and range of the function straight f.

(ii) On the diagram above, sketch the reflection of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses in the line y equals x and explain why this cannot be the graph of y equals straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses

6b3 marks

(i) Find the largest restricted domain of straight f that includes the value x equals 0 such that straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses x close parentheses exists.

(ii) Assuming the domain of straight f in part (b)(ii) is used, find the domain and range of the function straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent.

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7a
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2 marks

The function straight f is defined by

straight f colon space x space rightwards arrow from bar square root of 25 minus x squared space end root space space space space space space space space space space space minus 5 less or equal than x less or equal than 5

Determine whether or not the inverse of straight f exists.

7b2 marks

The domain is changed such that

  • the inverse of straight f exists

  • the graph of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses lies in the first quadrant only

  • the domain of straight f is as large as possible

Find the new domain and range of straight f.

7c4 marks

The domain of straight f is changed to negative 5 less or equal than x less or equal than 0.

Find an expression for straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent left parenthesis x right parenthesis.

State also the domain and range of straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent.

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8a4 marks

The functions straight f and straight g are defined by

 straight f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals left parenthesis x minus 1 right parenthesis squared minus 4 space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space x greater or equal than 1

straight g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 1 plus square root of x plus 4 space end root space space space space space space space space space space space space x greater or equal than negative 4

Find and simplify expressions for

(i)  fg open parentheses x close parentheses

(ii)  gf open parentheses x close parentheses

8b2 marks

Write down straight f to the power of negative 1 end exponent left parenthesis x right parenthesis and state its domain and range.

8c1 mark

Describe the transformation that would map the graph of y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses on to the graph of y equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses.

8d4 marks

Find the coordinates of the point of intersection between the curves  y equals straight f open parentheses x close parentheses and y equals straight g open parentheses x close parentheses.

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