Demographic Transition Model - GCSE Geography Definition

The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is a geographical model that describes the changes in a country’s population structure over time as the country develops. It consists of four main stages: the first stage is characterized by high birth and death rates, leading to a stable population. The second stage sees death rates decline due to improvements in healthcare and sanitation, resulting in rapid population growth. In the third stage, birth rates begin to fall as societies become more urban and access to contraception increases, slowing down population growth. Finally, the fourth stage features low birth and death rates, stabilising the population with a potential fifth stage where the population might decline. This model helps students understand the relationship between demographic changes and socio-economic development and is a key concept in the GCSE Geography syllabus.