Electrical Conductors & Insulators (DP IB Physics): Revision Note

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Electrical Conductors & Insulators

Conductors

  • A conductor is a material that allows charge (usually electrons) to flow through it easily

  • Examples of conductors are:

    • Silver

    • Copper

    • Aluminium

    • Steel

  • Conductors tend to be metals

Conductors and insulators, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

Different materials have different properties of conductivity

  • On the atomic scale, conductors are made up of positively charged metal ions within a sea of delocalised electrons

  • Metals are excellent conductors of electricity because:

    • Current is the rate of flow of electrons

    • So, the more easily electrons are able to flow in a material, the better it is at conducting electricity

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The lattice structure of a conductor with positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

Insulators

  • An insulator is a material that has no free charges, hence does not allow the flow of charge through them very easily

  • Examples of insulators are:

    • Rubber

    • Plastic

    • Glass

    • Wood

  • Some non-metals, such as wood, allow some charge to pass through them

  • Despite not being very good at producing an electrical current, insulators are able to conduct static electricity

    • This occurs when an insulator builds up charge on its surface

    • When a charged insulator comes into contact with a conductor, the charge can be transferred

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Ashika

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