Figurative Language - GCSE English Literature Definition

What is figurative language?

In GCSE English Literature and GCSE English Language, figurative language refers to any language that goes beyond its literal meaning; it is describing something by comparing it to something else. This gives a clearer impression of the essential quality or qualities of the thing being described.

Why do writers use figurative language?

Writers use figurative language to describe things, or people, in their texts. They do this (and don't just describe those things as they literally are) to convey deeper meanings, or to communicate a mood, feeling or theme more effectively.

Example of figurative language

In the opening act of William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, Lady Macbeth suggests that her husband, Macbeth, "Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under't". She is telling Macbeth to look like a flower (something attractive and harmless), but actually behave like a snake (sneaky and deceitful). Shakespeare uses the figurative language of the flower and the serpent to emphasise the stark contrast between how Macbeth should appear (innocent), and how he should act (evil).