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Irradiation - GCSE Physics Definition

Reviewed by: Leander Oates

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What is irradiation?

In GCSE physics, irradiation is the process of exposing a material to alpha, beta or gamma radiation. When an object is irradiated, it does not become radioactive. Irradiation is used for sterilising food and medical equipment because the radiation can damage genetic material and can therefore kill pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. 

Irradiation should not be confused with contamination. Contamination is when an object has some of the radioactive material on it or in it, and therefore the object itself becomes  radioactive. When an object is irradiated, it is exposed to only the radiation and not the radioactive source. 

If you are studying WJEC GCSE Physics, you will not be assessed on irradiation.

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Leander Oates

Reviewer: Leander Oates

Expertise: Physics Content Creator

Leander graduated with First-class honours in Science and Education from Sheffield Hallam University. She won the prestigious Lord Robert Winston Solomon Lipson Prize in recognition of her dedication to science and teaching excellence. After teaching and tutoring both science and maths students, Leander now brings this passion for helping young people reach their potential to her work at SME.

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