What Is AP Computer Science?

Thinking about taking AP Computer Science but not sure what it's all about? You're not alone! Many students wonder whether these courses are right for them and what they'll actually learn.

Here's the thing: AP Computer Science isn't just one course. There are actually two types of AP Computer Science classes, each designed for different interests and goals. Let's break down everything you need to know to make the right choice for your academic journey.

Overview of AP Computer Science Courses

AP Computer Science comes in two flavors: AP Computer Science A (opens in a new tab) and AP Computer Science Principles (opens in a new tab). Both are college-level courses that can earn you university credit, but they take completely different approaches to teaching computing.

Think of it this way: one focuses intensively on coding and programming, while the other explores the bigger picture of how technology shapes our world.

Both courses are excellent preparation for STEM careers, but they suit different learning styles and interests. Let's explore what makes each one unique.

What Is AP Computer Science A?

The AP Computer Science A curriculum (opens in a new tab) is all about Java programming and object-oriented design. This course dives deep into the nuts and bolts of coding.

You'll spend most of your time learning to write actual programs using Java. The main topics include:

• Classes and objects

• Methods and functions

• Loops and conditional statements

• Arrays and data structures

• Inheritance and polymorphism

This course is perfect if you're genuinely interested in becoming a software engineer or computer scientist. You'll be writing code from day one, solving complex problems, and building real programs.

The AP CSA exam format (opens in a new tab) includes multiple-choice questions and free-response coding tasks where you'll write Java code by hand. As of May 2025, both AP Computer Science exams are administered digitally, but you'll still be expected to produce code in a text-based environment. It's challenging but incredibly rewarding if you enjoy logical problem-solving.

What Is AP Computer Science Principles?

The AP Computer Science Principles framework (opens in a new tab) takes a broader view of computing and technology. Rather than focusing on one programming language, it explores how computing impacts society and solves real-world problems.

Key topics you'll cover include:

• How algorithms work (the step-by-step instructions computers follow)

• Data analysis and visualization

• Internet infrastructure and cybersecurity

• The social and ethical impacts of technology

• Basic programming concepts using various languages

You'll still do some coding, often with beginner-friendly tools like block-based programming or languages such as Python and JavaScript. The focus is on understanding concepts rather than mastering complex syntax.

The Create Performance Task requirements (opens in a new tab) involve designing and building your own program or app over several weeks, submitting your code, and providing a written explanation.

AP CS A vs. AP CS Principles: Which Should You Choose?

Who should take AP CS A? 

Students who love logical puzzles, enjoy problem-solving, and are considering computer science or software engineering careers.

Who should take AP CS Principles? 

Students curious about how technology works, interested in digital design, or wanting to understand computing's role in society.

Can you take both? 

Absolutely! Some students take Principles first to build confidence, then tackle CS A. Others do both in the same year if their school allows it.

What Skills Will You Learn in AP Computer Science?

Both courses develop incredibly valuable skills that go far beyond computing:

• Coding and problem-solving become second nature as you learn to break complex problems into smaller, manageable pieces

• Logical thinking and debugging skills transfer to almost any field, helping you troubleshoot everything from tech issues to real-life challenges

• Real-world applications include designing mobile apps, creating data visualizations, understanding cybersecurity threats, and exploring the ethics of artificial intelligence

These aren't just "computer skills" – they're thinking skills that make you more effective in any career path.

What Are the Prerequisites for AP Computer Science?

No prior programming experience is required for either course. However, having some background definitely helps, especially for CS A.

Math requirements typically include Algebra I or Geometry. You don't need advanced calculus, but you should be comfortable with logical reasoning and basic math concepts.

Both courses are excellent for students who enjoy STEM subjects, logical puzzles, or understanding how things work. If you've ever wondered how your favorite app was built or how internet security works, you'll likely enjoy these courses.

How Do These Courses Help With College and Careers?

College credit possibilities depend on your AP score credit policies (opens in a new tab). Many universities award credit for scores of 4 or 5, potentially saving you time and money on degree requirements.

AP Computer Science builds a strong foundation for computer science majors, but it's equally valuable for other fields. Engineers use programming for simulations, scientists analyze data with code, and even artists create digital installations using programming skills.

Career applications extend far beyond traditional tech jobs. Finance professionals use algorithms for trading, medical researchers analyze patient data, and marketing specialists create automated campaigns. Computing literacy is becoming essential in almost every profession.

Tips for Succeeding in AP Computer Science

• Practice coding regularly - consistent practice is more effective than cramming

• Create flashcards for key terms, especially if you're taking CS Principles, to strengthen your understanding of concepts like "algorithm," "iteration," and "abstraction"

• Review AP CSA past free-response questions (opens in a new tab) to understand what examiners are looking for, and the scoring guidelines show exactly how points are awarded

• Join study groups or online communities where you can discuss problems and solutions with others; teaching a concept often helps you understand it better

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need to know how to code before taking AP Computer Science?

Not at all! Both courses start from the basics and assume no prior programming knowledge. If you're considering CS A, trying some beginner coding tutorials beforehand can help.

Is AP Computer Science hard?

CS A is generally considered more challenging due to its intensive programming focus. CS Principles is more accessible for beginners. Both require consistent effort and practice but are manageable with strong study habits.

Can I take both AP CS A and AP CS Principles?

Yes, many students take both courses in different years. Some start with Principles to build confidence, then move on to CS A. Check with your school for scheduling options.

Which AP Computer Science course is better for beginners?

CS Principles usually works better for complete beginners because it introduces computing concepts gradually and uses more accessible programming tools. CS A assumes you're ready to dive deeper into coding.

Does AP Computer Science count as a science or math credit?

This varies by school and district. Many schools count it as a science credit, some as math, and others as a technology elective. Check with your school counselor to see how it fits your graduation requirements.

Final Thoughts

Both AP Computer Science courses offer fantastic opportunities to develop valuable skills and explore exciting career possibilities. CS A provides intensive programming training perfect for future software developers, while CS Principles offers a broader exploration of computing's role in society.

Choose based on your interests, career goals, and learning style. If you love detailed problem-solving and want to master programming, CS A might be perfect. If you're curious about technology's bigger picture and prefer a gentler introduction to coding, CS Principles could be ideal.

Remember, both courses build confidence with technology and develop logical thinking skills that will benefit you no matter what career you pursue. The most important thing is to pick the one that excites you most — because when you're genuinely interested in what you're learning, success naturally follows!

References

1. AP Computer Science Courses – Compare Options (opens in a new tab) – College Board

2. AP Computer Science A – Student Overview (opens in a new tab) – College Board

3. AP Computer Science A – Exam Format (opens in a new tab) – College Board

4. AP Computer Science Principles – Student Overview (opens in a new tab) – College Board

5. AP Computer Science Principles – Create Performance Task (opens in a new tab) – College Board

6. AP Score Credit Policies Search (opens in a new tab) – College Board

7. AP CSA Past Free-Response Questions (opens in a new tab) – College Board