The formal operational stage is the fourth and final stage of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget, a well-known psychologist. This stage usually starts around age 11 and continues into adulthood. During this stage, people begin to think more logically and abstractly. They can solve complex problems in their heads without needing concrete objects in front of them.
For example, they can understand hypothetical situations like "what if" scenarios and use reasoning to plan for the future. This stage is important because it marks the ability to think critically and understand more complicated concepts, which are useful skills for school and everyday life.
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