Inter & Intramolecular Forces (Cambridge (CIE) AS Chemistry): Revision Note
Exam code: 9701
Comparing Bonds & Intermolecular Forces
Intramolecular forces
Intramolecular forces are forces within a molecule
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positive (cations) and negative (anions) ions in an ionic crystal lattice
These ions are formed by transferring the electrons from one species to the other
Covalent bonds are formed when the outer electrons of two atoms are shared
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction of positively charged metal ions and their delocalised electrons in a metal lattice
Intramolecular forces

Intermolecular forces
Intermolecular forces are forces between molecules and are also called van der Waals’ forces
Permanent dipole - permanent dipole are the attractive forces between two neighbouring molecules with a permanent dipole
Hydrogen bonds are a special type of permanent dipole - permanent dipole forces
Instantaneous dipole - induced dipole (London dispersion) forces are the attractive forces between a temporary dipole and a neighbouring molecule with an induced dipole
Permanent dipoles as intermolecular forces

Instantaneous dipoles as intermolecular forces

Hydrogen bonding as an intermolecular force

In general, intramolecular forces are stronger than intermolecular forces
The strengths of the types of bond or force are as follows:
The varying strengths of different types of bonds

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