UK Identity (Edexcel GCSE Citizenship Studies): Revision Note

English identity is linked to shared history, culture and institutions in England

• Symbols include the St George’s Cross and landmarks such as Parliament, Blackpool Tower and the White Cliffs of Dover

Cultural elements include major historical periods

• For example, the Tudor period and the Industrial Revolution shaped England’s global role

Sport plays an important role in identity

• Support for the England football and cricket teams can create pride, but also rivalry with other UK nations

English identity often overlaps with British identity

• Many English people prioritise British identity due to shared UK institutions

Identity debates can arise due to the lack of an English parliament

• Some feel English identity is politically less visible than others

Scottish identity is shaped by history, culture and political autonomy

• Symbols include the Saltire, Edinburgh Castle and Nessie

Historical figures and events are important

• For example, figures like Robert Burns and events such as the Acts of Union

Sport is a strong expression of identity

• Support for Scottish national teams often strengthens distinct Scottish identity and rivalry with England

Scottish identity can sit alongside British identity

• Shared UK elements include the monarchy, defence and currency

Identity debates often focus on independence

• Some see Scottish and British identities as conflicting, others as compatible

Welsh identity is closely linked to language, culture and heritage

• Symbols include the Red Dragon, rugby and artefacts such as love spoons and the Celtic Cross

Cultural traditions are strongly protected

• Events like the National Eisteddfod celebrate Welsh language, music and poetry

Sport is a key part of identity

• Support for the Welsh rugby team is a strong source of national pride and rivalry

Welsh identity usually fits within UK identity

• Shared citizenship and economic ties link Wales to the UK

Identity debates focus on cultural preservation

• Some feel Welsh identity needs protection within a UK-wide system

Northern Irish identity is complex due to history and political division

• Important places include Stormont and historical sites linked to the Troubles

Historical events strongly shape identity

• For example, the partition of Ireland and the Good Friday Agreement

Sport reflects different identities

• Some support Northern Ireland teams, others support Irish teams, showing divided identities

Symbols and traditions vary by community

• These include flags, parades and commemorations

Identity debates are ongoing

• Some people feel British, some Irish, and some both, which can cause tension