IB Standard vs Higher Level: What's the Difference?

The International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) requires students to study six academic subjects, most commonly split into three at Higher Level (HL) and three at Standard Level (SL). While both levels are designed to be equally rigorous in quality, they are not equally demanding. 

Taking time to choose your HL and SL subjects carefully will be time well spent. This article outlines the key differences and will help you make better decisions.

Key Takeaways

• HL demands more time and includes greater depth of content. HL subjects require 240 teaching hours versus 150 hours for SL: students study core content plus additional topics and complexity.

• Assessment is more demanding at HL. HL students typically complete all SL assessments plus an additional HL-only paper and may have higher coursework expectations.

• Universities view HL grades more favourably. HL subjects are preferred and sometimes required for courses closely aligned with a student's intended university major.

• HL does not increase total IB points. Both HL and SL subjects are awarded a maximum of 7 points, meaning a fourth HL subject will not boost the overall diploma score.

• Subject choice must be methodical. Students should choose HLs based on their strengths, interests and future university plans.

What Are HL and SL in the IB Diploma?

In the IB Diploma, every student studies six subjects, plus three core components (Theory Of Knowledge (TOK), Extended Essay (EE), Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS)). 

Of those six subjects, usually three are at Higher Level (HL) and three are at Standard Level (SL). Although, in theory, some students can choose four at HL and two at SL (opens in a new tab),

HL and SL are designed to be equally rigorous but not equally demanding. 

Both follow the same subject guide, but HL goes further. HL students study more content, analyse more deeply, and sit additional assessment components. Think of SL as the full course and HL as the full course plus more breadth, challenge and levels of assessment. This structure lets you shape the Diploma around your strengths, while keeping a broad academic foundation.

Key Differences Between HL and SL

HL and SL share the same core curriculum, but the scale and expectations differ. The table below is a simple comparison between the two. Please note: Exact differences will vary by subject, and all students should read each syllabus (opens in a new tab) before they commit.

Do Universities Prefer Higher Level Subjects?

The short answer is: It depends on your chosen course. Universities often look closely at your HL choices to judge whether you’re prepared for a specific degree. HLs signal depth and the ability to handle tougher content. 

Here are some examples of where studying a subject at HL is likely to be beneficial:

• Engineering / Physics / Maths: HL Mathematics is strongly preferred; sometimes required.

• Medicine: HL Chemistry is essential at most universities. HL Biology helps but isn’t always mandatory.

• Economics: HL Mathematics often strengthens an application.

• Humanities degrees: HL English, History or a language shows strong analytical and writing ability.

Outside of specific program requirements, universities evaluate your application holistically. As a rule of thumb, always choose HL for the subjects that most closely align with your likely future degree.

How to Choose Between HL and SL Subjects

Choosing your HL vs SL is an important decision. Try to approach this conundrum methodically and in an emotionless manner. Here are some things to consider:

• What are your strengths?: Your strongest subjects are usually the best candidates for HL. Think about subjects where you have enjoyed the challenge and embraced independent study. HL demands more time, so picking subjects you love will make your IB experience far more enjoyable.

• Consider Your Future University Path: This can be hard when you’re 16 years old. But, although you don’t need your entire life plan mapped out, you do need some clarity. Ask yourself the following questions: Do I see myself in a STEM field? Am I leaning toward the humanities? Does my dream degree require specific HLs? If the answer is yes, prioritise those subjects at HL. If you’re unsure, choose a balanced mix to keep your options open.

• Be Honest About Workload: The pressure of the IB programme is intense. If you choose HL subjects that are areas of weakness, that will increase your workload and stress levels.

• Don’t Choose HL “Just Because You Should”: Some students feel pressure to take HL in subjects others value. This pressure sometimes comes from peers or family members. Resist this - you can’t live someone else’s life.

• Ask the experts: If you’re unsure, speak to your teachers. They will know how you learn and they can advise where you’ll likely thrive at HL and where SL might be the smarter choice.

Subject-Specific Notes: HL vs SL Examples

Here are some of the biggest, most relevant differences across popular subjects.

Mathematics (Analysis and Approaches)

SL: Covers all five syllabus topics at a foundational level. Focuses on developing a solid foundation and practical application of core mathematical concepts. 150 total teaching hours.

HL: Significantly more complex. Requires greater mathematical rigour, with an emphasis on abstract reasoning, constructing and justifying mathematical arguments. The teaching hours for Number & Algebra, Geometry & Trigonometry and Calculus are roughly double for HL students. Students sit a third exam paper. 240 total teaching hours.

Biology

Both SL and HL explore the same four major themes: Unity & Diversity, Form & Function, Interaction & Interdependence, and Continuity & Change. SL: Teaching Hours - 150 hours. Syllabus content: 110 hours. Experimental programme (practical work + investigation + collaborative project): 40 hours. SL exam times: Paper 1 (1.5 hours) and Paper 2 (1.5 hours).

HL: Teaching Hours - 240 hours total Experimental programme. Syllabus content: 180 hours and Experimental programme (practical work + investigation + collaborative project): 60 hours. HL includes certain subtopics (e.g. Origins of cells, Viruses and Gene expression). These topics represent deeper, more technical or advanced biological concepts. HL students study each theme in more depth. For example, “Continuity and Change” is allocated 34 teaching hours at SL vs 60 hours at HL. Exams are longer in HL: Paper 1 (2 hours) and Paper 2 (2.5 hours).

History

SL (opens in a new tab): Students study one Prescribed Subject (e.g. Rights and Protest; Move to Global War) and two World History Topics (selected from 12 global topics — wars, industrialization, independence movements, authoritarian states, the Cold War etc.). 150 total teaching hours.

HL (opens in a new tab): In addition to the Prescribed Subject and the two World History Topics, HL students must complete one Regional Depth Study (either History of Africa & the Middle East, History of the Americas, History of Asia & Oceania or History of Europe). Students also sit a third exam paper. In this exam, HL students must write three extended essays on their depth study region. 240 total teaching hours.

Language A: literature (opens in a new tab)

SL: Students study three core syllabus components - Readers, writers & texts, Time & space and Intertextuality. Paper 1 (1.25 hours) and Paper 2 (1.75 hours). 150 total teaching hours.

HL: In addition to the three core syllabus components, HL includes a separate written coursework component (1,200–1,500 word essay on one work studied) which is worth 20% of the final grade. Paper 1 (2.25 hours) and Paper 2 (1.75 hours). 240 total teaching hours.

Can You Switch Between HL and SL Later?

In theory, yes. Most schools allow students to switch levels within the first few months of the Diploma. 

After that, changes get complicated. This is because the content HL and SL students study often diverges quickly. Also, missing teaching hours dedicated to HL-only topics creates gaps that are hard to fill. 

There may be some admin issues too, such as full classes or completed assessment registrations. If you’re considering a switch:

• Act fast: The earlier you act, the easier the transition.

• Talk to your teachers: Discuss your thought process.

• Involve your IB Coordinator: They will take care of the admin tasks.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is HL much harder than SL?

Yes - but not in every aspect. HL requires more content, more analysis and more independent thinking. The difficulty depends heavily on the subject and your strengths.

Can I take 4 HLs in IB?

Yes. Many schools allow you to take 4 HLs and 2 SLs, but it’s optional. A fourth HL can help if you’re aiming for a competitive degree, you genuinely enjoy the subject and you’re academically strong. 

Please note: Taking 4 HLs does not earn extra diploma points. Most students stick to three HL subjects.

Do HL subjects give more IB points?

No. Both HL and SL subjects award a maximum of 7 points. The difference is depth, not scoring potential. HL mainly affects university admissions (and depends on the course you’re planning on studying at university).

Final Thoughts

Choosing between HL and SL shapes your entire IB experience. The right mix strengthens your university prospects, protects your wellbeing, and helps you achieve the highest score possible. Choose subjects that align with your interests, abilities and goals. 

And remember, you’re not alone. Your teachers and IB Coordinators will have guided thousands of students through this process. Use their insights, ask questions and build a programme that enables you to thrive.

References

International Baccalaureate - Diploma Programme (DP) curriculum sets out the requirements for studying the DP:https://www.ibo.org/programmes/diploma-programme/curriculum/ (opens in a new tab)