What Are IGCSEs? A Guide for Students

Whether you're in Year 9, 10 or 11, you might be feeling a mix of excitement and uncertainty about studying for your IGCSEs. It’s common to have questions like: What exactly are IGCSEs? How do they work? And what will I be learning? 

This guide is here to answer those questions in a straightforward and student-friendly way, and help you feel more confident and informed.

Key Takeaways

• IGCSEs are offered by several exam boards: Cambridge (CIE) (opens in a new tab), Pearson Edexcel (opens in a new tab), and Oxford AQA (opens in a new tab) all offer IGCSE courses. Make sure when you’re learning and revising to check the resources you’re using are for the exam board you’re taking.

• Over 70 subjects available: In addition to core subjects like Maths and English, you’ll have the option to choose from a wide range of optional languages, sciences, humanities, and creative subjects.

• Assessment methods vary: IGCSEs often use a combination of coursework and written exams. Make sure to check which assessment methods are used for your subjects and exam boards.

What Does IGCSE Stand For?

IGCSE stands for International General Certificate of Secondary Education. It's a qualification designed for students aged 14–16, offering a broad and balanced curriculum. The IGCSE is widely recognised by universities and employers around the world, providing a solid foundation for further education and career opportunities. 

IGCSEs are one of several secondary qualifications available - explore secondary options available in the UK and abroad.

How Do IGCSEs Work?

When Do You Take Them?

IGCSEs are typically taken over two years: 

• Year 10: Begin studying IGCSE subjects. 

• Year 11: Complete coursework and prepare for final exams. 

Exams are usually held in May/June or October/November, depending on the exam board and your school's schedule.

How Many Subjects Do You Take?

Most students take between 7 and 10 subjects, which may include: 

• Core subjects: English, Mathematics, and Science. 

• Optional subjects: Languages, Humanities, Creative Arts, and others. 

A balanced subject load might look like: 1–2 languages, 2–3 sciences, 1–2 humanities, 2–3 electives (e.g., Art, Business Studies, Computer Science). 

Save My Exams offers comprehensive revision resources for a wide range of IGCSE subjects.

What Subjects Can You Take at IGCSE?

IGCSE offers over 70 subjects, allowing you to tailor your education to your interests and future goals. Check out the full list of IGCSE subjects you can study and explore which options are right for you.

Common subject groups include: 

• Languages: English Language, French, Spanish and Mandarin

• Sciences: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Environmental Management. 

• Mathematics: Core and Extended options. 

• Humanities: English Literature, History, Geography, Economics, Religious Studies, and Global Perspectives. 

• Creative and Technical: Art & Design, Music, Drama, Design & Technology, and Computer Science. 

How Are IGCSEs Assessed?

Assessment methods vary by subject and exam board but generally include a mix of: 

• Written exams: Multiple-choice, short answer, and essay questions. 

• Coursework/Non-Examined Assessments (NEAs): Projects or assignments completed during the course. 

• Oral assessments: Particularly for language subjects.

Most IGCSE exam boards now use a grading scale of 9-1, with 9 being the top grade. Cambridge (CIE) is unique in still using the A*-G grade (A* as the top grade) for some exams. 

Both grading systems are accepted by sixth forms, colleges and universities. You can learn more about what are considered ‘good’ IGCSE grades and ‘bad’ IGCSE grades. 

Who Offers the IGCSE?

The main exam boards offering IGCSEs are: 

• Cambridge (CIE) (opens in a new tab)

• Pearson Edexcel (opens in a new tab)

• Oxford AQA (opens in a new tab)

Each board has its own specifications and assessment methods, so it's important to check which board your school uses for each subject. You can find out more about the differences between IGCSE exam boards here. 

How Do IGCSEs Compare to GCSEs?

IGCSEs are qualifications taken by students studying outside the UK, whilst GCSEs are taken by students at schools in the UK. 

Students in the UK sometimes take a mixture of GCSE and IGCSE exams depending on which course they or their school have chosen to study. Find out more about the differences between GCSEs and IGCSEs in our detailed guide.

Want to know how IGCSEs compare with other non-UK secondary qualifications? Check out our other guides: IGCSE vs CBSE: What's the Difference? and IGCSE vs CISCE: What’s the Difference?

Why Take the IGCSE?

There are several reasons why students choose to take the IGCSE including its global recognition, broad subject choices, and rigorous nature which prepares students for further education at A Level, IB and beyond. 

What to Expect as an IGCSE Student

As an IGCSE student, you can expect increased independence, greater responsibility for your learning and more rigorous assessment than at primary or early secondary level.

You may also find your teachers set more classwork and homework for you to complete and that there are higher expectations regarding time-management, independent learning and exam preparation. 

It's totally understandable to feel a bit overwhelmed at first by this change, but with good planning and support you can set yourself on the path to exam success.

Got questions about how to effectively study for IGCSE exams? Our guide on How to Prepare for IGCSEs has got you covered with detailed IGCSE-specific guidance on revision and exam prep.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are IGCSEs harder than GCSEs?

IGCSEs can be more challenging due to their international focus and emphasis on exam-based assessment. However, both qualifications are rigorous and respected. Read more about how IGCSEs and GCSEs compare in terms of difficulty, course requirements and assessment methods.

What happens if I fail an IGCSE?

If you don't achieve a passing grade, you may have the option to retake the exam or take alternative qualifications. It's important to discuss your options with your school. Check out our Ultimate Guide to Retaking IGCSE Exams for comprehensive information on IGCSE retakes.

Do IGCSEs count for university applications?

Yes, IGCSEs are widely accepted by universities around the world as part of their entry requirements.

Can I study IGCSEs online or from home?

Some schools and online platforms offer IGCSE courses that can be studied remotely. Check with your school or local education authorities for available options. Our guide on How to Self-Study for IGCSEs also has top tips on independently studying for your exams.

How do I choose the right subjects?

Consider your interests, strengths, and future career goals. It's also helpful to discuss your options with teachers, career advisors, and family members.

Final Thoughts

Starting IGCSEs can feel challenging, but with careful planning and the right support, it is completely manageable. Take your time exploring subject options, use available resources to guide your learning, and build study habits early. 

For additional revision notes, past papers, and practice questions, visit Save My Exams IGCSE resources and explore the exam boards’ official website for Cambridge (CIE) (opens in a new tab), Pearson Edexcel (opens in a new tab), Oxford AQA (opens in a new tab) for up-to-date course specifications and guidance.