Sources of Finance (AQA AS Business): Exam Questions

Exam code: 7131

1 hour8 questions
1
9 marks

Case Study

Paul’s Puzzle Business

Paul retired from his full-time job in 2018 and started a small business as a sole trader. The most Paul wanted to work was two days a week. He produces wooden puzzles which are sold to two large retailers. Paul’s main aim when starting was to make an operating profit of £20 000 a year to add to his pension. Since starting, Paul has more than doubled this profit figure. He has worked more than expected but has really enjoyed it.

Trends for the puzzles change quickly. Paul can respond immediately by altering the designs produced. Paul provides the puzzles to the retailers but receives payment three months later. He makes a large gross profit margin. Paul worries about having to pay his supplier for all material costs even if puzzles do not sell. Last month, sales hit record figures and now the retailers owe Paul a large amount of money.

Paul’s supplier usually sells to him in bulk. The supplier has offered an excellent one-off half price deal on materials for orders by the end of this month. Paul is keen to take up the offer. However, he does not have enough cash available to do this. Paul’s bank manager advised him that interest rates on loans would be 6% and are rising very rapidly. Another lender said they could arrange a debt factoring agreement at 85% of any sales invoices.

Recently, Paul has been contacted by an investor, Holly. Holly has no experience in this market but is impressed with Paul’s business. She believes she can help him to expand but insists that Paul’s business would have to be turned into a private limited company. Paul would maintain a 40% share and she would own the rest. Holly would buy new machinery to help Paul make more items. Holly has promised she can increase profits by 300% but she would make all the decisions. This would allow Paul to go back to working two days a week.

Analyse the factors Paul might consider when deciding whether to use debt factoring to improve cashflow.

2
16 marks

Read the source in the Insert.

BB needs to raise finance to fund the new warehouse.

Do you think using a bank loan or venture capital would be the better option? Justify your answer.

3
1 mark

A bank overdraft is:

  • an external source of long-term finance.

  • an external source of short-term finance.

  • an internal source of long-term finance.

  • an internal source of short-term finance.

4
4 marks

A family-owned private limited company is planning an expansion.

Explain one disadvantage to the shareholders of this business of selling shares to finance this expansion.

5
16 marks

Case Study

Colbeck Toys Ltd

Colbeck’s is a UK based toy distributor. It has around 100 warehouse staff who unload, sort and pack toys into boxes to be sold onto retailers. These employees are on zero hours’ contracts and worry as this means they are not guaranteed work each week. Labour productivity at the warehouse is low.

In the business head office there are 20 employees. All of these staff are well qualified and experienced. They are highly paid. However, staff feedback shows nearly all these staff feel demotivated.

The business has been owned by the Colbeck family since its establishment 100 years ago. Chris Colbeck, 65, is the current chief executive and his daughter, also a director, is expected to take over when he retires. The family has always prided itself on investing for the future. Chris is fiercely protective of the business. He has a tell style of management which is often commented on by the head office employees.

The business has strong profit figures in the growing market that it operates in; however it has poor levels of cash as lots of it is tied up in the inventory.

Chris has a plan to expand Colbeck’s which requires £20 million. He has approached a bank for a loan. Based on its forecasted profit figures the business can currently pay the expected monthly repayments of the new loan. However, last year Colbeck’s took out another sizeable loan and experts are predicting interest rates may rise.

Chris has recently had an investment offer from a venture capitalist, Mark Newton. Mark has a strong record of increasing short term profits but often at the expense of employees’ jobs. Mark has offered £20 million for a 51% share of Colbeck’s. Chris estimates if the business became a public limited company its market capitalisation would be £30 million.

Chris needs to make a decision about how to raise the finance for the expansion. Do you think using a bank loan or venture capital would be the better option? Justify your answer.

6
6 marks

Mae has developed a games app she thinks could be very successful. She has just left school and wants to start selling the app. Analyse why venture capital may be a better source of finance for Mae than a bank loan.

7
1 mark

Which of the following sources of finance is used primarily for short-term uses?

  • Debt factoring

  • Share capital

  • Sale of buildings

  • Venture capital

8
20 marks

Read the case study in the insert booklet.

G-Free Ltd’s finance manager suggests funding the £28m investment and further growth by becoming a public limited company and selling shares.

Is selling shares on the Stock Exchange the best way to raise large amounts of capital for all organisations?

Justify your view.