Cognitive Processes (DP IB Psychology: SL): Exam Questions

A researcher was interested in how long-term learning of a mental skill may affect cognitive processes and the brain. She conducted MRI scans comparing two matched groups:

• Individuals who had practised mindfulness meditation daily for at least 10 years

• Individuals with no meditation experience

Mindfulness meditation involves sustained attention, awareness of thoughts, and regular practice of mental control.

The scans showed that meditators had increased grey matter in brain regions associated with cognitive functioning, such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest experience-dependent neuroplasticity, meaning that practising a cognitive skill over time may lead to changes in brain structure.

With reference to this study, explain how changes in the brain may affect one cognitive process.

Describe the role of one biological factor in one cognitive process.