Business Planning (OCR GCSE Business): Exam Questions

Exam code: J204

27 mins8 questions
1
9 marks

Case Study

SJ Salon

SJ Salon is a hair salon owned by Sam and Jamila. The business partners met whilst studying hairdressing at college. The partners’ creativity has helped make the salon very successful. SJ Salon is currently the only salon in town and uses cost-plus pricing.

Sam and Jamila are qualified hairdressers who work full-time in the salon. Until recently, the partners employed one part-time and one full-time worker who works 40 hours per week. However, due to increasing customer demand, two additional part-time employees have recently been recruited.

Sam and Jamila have just found out that a national hairdressing chain is planning to open a new salon in their town. They are concerned about the impact of this competition. The partners asked 200 current customers to complete a short questionnaire. The results show that:

  • 130 of the customers have used SJ Salon since 2019

  • 104 of the customers were aware of the national hairdressing chain

  • 84 of the customers would consider trying the new hair salon, if its prices were cheaper

  • 66 of the customers consider quality of service to be more important than price.

When SJ Salon was set up in 2014, Sam wrote a business plan. He has not written another one since then, as the business has been profitable. However, Sam now thinks that a new business plan should be written to help the business succeed against any new competition. Jamila disagrees, as the original business plan took Sam 30 hours to write. She feels that his time would be better spent keeping current customers satisfied.

Evaluate, using the data in the case study, whether Sam should write a new business plan.

2
9 marks

Case Study

Shirtz Ltd

Shirtz Ltd is a private limited company owned by Shamira and her husband, Zubair. The business manufactures colourful T-shirts with logos and pictures on the front.

Shirtz Ltd has been operating from a room in their house. Shamira and Zubair make the T-shirts and sell them through online stores such as Amazon and eBay.

Shamira and Zubair would like to expand the business. They have created a business plan to help them.

Shirtz Ltd’s business plan

Aims and objectives
To grow by purchasing new machinery and renting a new location for production

Finance
New finance will be required to fund the business’ aims and objectives

Business needs

  • New machinery

  • Larger premises/location for production

Market research

Price per T-shirt

Estimated sales
(T-shirts per month)

£18

600

£16 (current price)

800

£14

1000

Changes to the marketing mix

Product – expand the range of T-shirts produced and sold
Price – set price to gain highest revenue
Place – develop links with a high street shop to sell Shirtz Ltd’s products
Promotion – use point of sale promotion

Human resources
Employ two full-time production workers

Evaluate the effectiveness of Shirtz Ltd’s business plan

3
1 mark

A plumbing firm is struggling to keep up with demand.

What would help the business to succeed?

  • Asking regular customers with blocked toilets to ring back another day

  • Giving customers unrealistic appointment times

  • Ignoring customer complaints about delays in fixing water leaks

  • Planning all business activity and work schedules carefully

4
1 mark

A mobile phone repairer, trading as Sundip & Sons, operates as a partnership. Its three partners have produced a business plan outlining their intentions to widen the services offered to include laptop and tablet repairs.

For which of the following might Sundip & Sons’ business plan be useful?

  • Calculating the share of the profit due to each of the three partners

  • Complying with current legislation relating to business planning

  • Identifying the resources needed to expand into the new market

  • Obtaining additional finance from shareholders

5
2 marks

Case Study

Greggs

Greggs is a modern ‘food-on-the-go’ retail brand. It specialises in selling sandwiches, cakes, pastries and pies. Most of these are made by Greggs, using raw materials such as flour, meat and yeast. The company opened its first bakery 80 years ago and has since grown significantly. It currently has 20 000 employees. Greggs’ aim is to become the customer’s favourite for ‘food-onthe-go’ in the UK. This sector is growing quickly and is forecast to be worth £23.4 billion by 2024 (up from £18.5 billion in 2019).

According to The Vegan Society, the number of people in the UK choosing a vegan diet has increased during recent years (see Fig. 1).

Bar chart showing the increase in the number of vegans in the UK from 150,000 in 2014 to 276,000 in 2016, reaching 600,000 in 2018.

Using the market data, Greggs responded to this change by launching vegan sausage rolls in January 2019. The publicity generated helped Greggs’ total sales to increase by 9.6% in its next seven weeks of trading. Following this success the business launched other products, including vegan doughnuts and vegan steak bakes, based on consumer demand.

Managers at Greggs constantly monitor changes in consumer tastes. Similarly, they keep up-to-date with changes in employment law. Greggs’ managers also take pride in the business being named one of the happiest places to work in the UK. Greggs offers many ways of working, including part-time roles.

Explain the purpose of planning business activity for Greggs’ managers.

6
2 marks

Case Study

Superdry plc

Superdry is a successful international brand of clothing featuring American- and Japanese-inspired graphics. In 2018, over 4800 people were employed by the company, which is committed to high quality. Superdry’s policies include one against discrimination in its workforce and another to support employee retention.

The company uses many different distribution channels. These include:

  • 135 Superdry stores across the UK and Europe

  • Superdry’s own website

  • other retailers, including Next in the UK, which allows the brand to reach new customer groups.

Superdry regularly invests in its own stores. To keep its retail stores exciting and encourage customers to visit, there is a regular re-fit programme. In 2017, the company spent £41.4m on store-related investment, including the re-fitting of 11 stores.

The company faces competition from retailers of all sizes, ranging from sole traders to other public limited companies.

Explain one way planning business activity may help Superdry to succeed.

7
1 mark

Radi owns Chimney Restore Ltd, a company he set up in 2018. The company has grown rapidly and now employs 12 workers. However, Radi is becoming increasingly concerned about the level of risk he faces as the owner of a rapidly growing business.

Which of the following would help Radi to reduce his level of risk?

  • Becoming a sole trader

  • Carefully planning all business activity

  • Ignoring the needs of customers

  • Making employees work long hours

8
2 marks

Case Study

The Ford Motor Company Ltd

The Ford Motor Company Limited (Ford Motors) is a global manufacturer of a range of vehicles including cars, vans, trucks and buses. Ford Motors has been one of Britain’s best-selling car brands for over 30 years, with a range of models including the KA, Fiesta, Focus, Mondeo and Galaxy. The company’s large range of products includes models that differ in size to meet the individual needs of different market segments, including eco-friendly small cars, family cars, sports cars and 7-seater people carriers.

Ford Motors carries out a lot of market research when developing new car designs and uses both primary and secondary research. This ensures that new car designs and models meet the needs of potential customers.

Each model’s sales levels are regularly monitored against the product lifecycle.

Explain one way that preparing a business plan may be useful to Ford Motors.