Climax community - IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS) Definition

What is a climax community?

In IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS), a climax community refers to the final, stable stage of ecological succession in an ecosystem, when it has reached a state of equilibrium.

This community is characterised by a diverse and complex structure of interdependent species that are well-adapted to their environmental conditions. The species composition remains relatively stable over time unless a significant disturbance occurs.

Climax communities represent the peak of ecological development, where energy flow and nutrient cycling are efficiently balanced, supporting a sustainable network of biotic interactions. Understanding these communities is important part of understanding how ecosystems develop and maintain resilience.