Climax community - IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS) Definition

Reviewed by: Alistair Marjot

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What is a climax community?

In IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS), a climax community refers to the final, stable stage of ecological succession in an ecosystem, when it has reached a state of equilibrium.

This community is characterised by a diverse and complex structure of interdependent species that are well-adapted to their environmental conditions. The species composition remains relatively stable over time unless a significant disturbance occurs.

Climax communities represent the peak of ecological development, where energy flow and nutrient cycling are efficiently balanced, supporting a sustainable network of biotic interactions. Understanding these communities is important part of understanding how ecosystems develop and maintain resilience.

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Alistair Marjot

Reviewer: Alistair Marjot

Expertise: Environmental Systems and Societies & Biology Content Creator

Alistair graduated from Oxford University with a degree in Biological Sciences. He has taught GCSE/IGCSE Biology, as well as Biology and Environmental Systems & Societies for the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. While teaching in Oxford, Alistair completed his MA Education as Head of Department for Environmental Systems & Societies. Alistair has continued to pursue his interests in ecology and environmental science, recently gaining an MSc in Wildlife Biology & Conservation with Edinburgh Napier University.

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