Condensation is the process by which a gas changes into a liquid. This occurs when the gas loses heat and cools down, causing its particles to slow down and come closer together to form liquid droplets.
In the context of GCSE Physics, condensation is an important part of the water cycle, as it explains how water vapour in the air transforms into liquid water, forming clouds and eventually leading to precipitation.
This process is vital for understanding how energy and states of matter interact, and it often occurs on surfaces, such as windows or mirrors, when the air is cooler than the surrounding environment.
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