Exam code: H446
Fig. 5 shows a graph data structure representing a small section of a parcel delivery network. Each node represents an address where deliveries need to be made. The edges show the possible routes and distances between these deliveries.
State why performance modelling is used to test a system.
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A Nonogram is a logic puzzle where a player needs to colour in boxes. The puzzle is laid out as a grid and each square needs to be either coloured black or left white.
The numbers at the side of each row and column tells the player how many of the boxes are coloured in consecutively. Where a row has two or more numbers, there must be a white square between the coloured squares.
In this example:
the first column has 1 1, this means there must be two single coloured boxes in this column. There must be at least 1 white box between them.
the first row has 2, this means there must be two consecutively coloured boxes in the row.
Juan is creating a program that will store a series of Nonograms for a user to play. The game will randomly select a puzzle and display the blank grid with the numbers for each row and column to the user
The user plays the game by selecting a box to change its colour. If the box is white it will change to black and if it is black it will change to white. The user can choose to check the answer at any point, and the game will compare the grid to the answers and tell the user if they have got it correct or not.
Juan is creating a structure diagram to design the game.
Complete the structure diagram by adding another layer for New game, Play game and Check answer.
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Define the term "problem decomposition" and state its purpose in computational methods.
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State what is meant by "heuristics" in problem solving, and why are they used.
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A group of students are designing a racing car game. The game will allow players to enter their name and then a choice of vehicle. They will then race against other vehicles that will be controlled by the program. Players will use the arrow keys to control their vehicle.
The group of students also use decomposition.
State what is meant by decomposition.
Describe one benefit of using decomposition when designing a computer program such as a game.
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Explain why decomposing a problem can help a developer design a solution.
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Fig. 5 shows a graph data structure representing a small section of a parcel delivery network. Each node represents an address where deliveries need to be made. The edges show the possible routes and distances between these deliveries.
Describe how performance modelling can be used in the delivery system.
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A card game uses a set of 52 standard playing cards. There are four suits; hearts, diamonds, clubs and spades. Each suit has a card with a number from; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.
The card game randomly gives 2 players 7 cards each. The unallocated cards become known as the deck.
The players then take it in turns to turn over a card. A valid move is a card of the same suit or the same number as the last card played.
The winner is the first player to play all of their cards.
One component of the game is checking if a move is valid.
Identify three other components of the game.
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Taylor is going to use graphs to plan the movements that each character can take within a game.
Characters in the game will move and interact independently.
DancerGold is one character. The graph shown in Fig. 1 shows the possible movements that DancerGold can make.
DancerGold’s starting state is represented by node A.
DancerGold can take any of the paths to reach the end state represented by node G.
The number on each path represents the number of seconds each movement takes.
The number in bold below each node is the heuristic value from A.
Define the term heuristic in relation to the A* algorithm.
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Amy’s processor makes use of pipelining during the fetch-decode-execute cycle
The processor’s pipeline consists of the following stages:
Fetching the instruction from memory
Decoding the instruction
Executing the instruction.
Instructions A, B, C and D need to be processed.
Identify the stage(s) and instruction(s) run during each pipeline below.
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A company needs a new computer program that will create schedules for delivery drivers. It will need to identify a possible order that the drivers can deliver items and possible routes they could take.
Discuss how programmers could make use of problem recognition and problem decomposition when designing this system.
You should include the following in your answer:
a description of both problem recognition and decomposition
how each method can be used when designing the solution
the benefits of using each method when designing the solution.
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Taylor is creating an online multiplayer game where users can create accounts and build their own circus. Each circus will contain characters such as clowns, animals, magicians and dancers.
Users can set up a new circus in the online world, purchase new characters and visit other users’ circuses.
The game will have thousands of users. Taylor will store data about the users and their actions while playing the game in a large database.
Evaluate how Taylor can use data mining to inform future changes to improve his circus game.
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Evaluate the importance of performance modelling in software development. Use examples to discuss its benefits and limitations.
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* A company runs a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). Schools can register students to use the VLE. The students get their own account and the school can view and monitor their students who are registered. There are currently over 10000 schools registered, each with up to 1000 students.
The students can watch videos, take quizzes and communicate using forums and online chat tools.
The company gathers a large amount of data and wants to use data mining to help them decide how to improve the VLE in the future.
Discuss how the company can use data mining to decide how to improve the VLE.
You should include the following in your answer:
the characteristics of data mining
the benefits of data mining in this scenario
the drawbacks of data mining in this scenario.
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A computer game has a building containing 7 rooms. There are secret passages between each room. Fig. 3 shows the rooms and the passages between the rooms represented as a graph data structure.
The final game will involve multiple computer-controlled characters and interactive elements that make use of artificial intelligence to determine the moves they will make.
The artificial intelligence will use heuristics to determine where the computer-controlled characters will move in the game.
Discuss how heuristics can be used in algorithms.
You should include the following in your answer:
the purpose of heuristics
the benefits and drawbacks of heuristics
the suitability of heuristics in algorithms within a computer game
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