1a
2 marks
Identify the magnitude on the Richter scale of the earthquakes labelled Y and Z in Figure 1.1.
1b
2 marks
Name two other scales which can be used to measure earthquakes.
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2025
First exams 2027
Impacts of Earthquakes & Volcanoes (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Geography): Exam Questions
Exam code: 2217
1 hour16 questions
2a
1 mark
Study Fig. 3.1, which shows information about the problems faced by households after an earthquake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Complete Fig. 3.1 by plotting the following information: 13% of households were affected by lack of clean water after the earthquake.
2b
2 marks
Identify the two main problems caused by the earthquake in Haiti.
2c
3 marks
Explain why it is necessary to provide clean water and sanitation after an earthquake.
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3
3 marks
Study Fig 4.1, which shows a cross-section through a volcano.
Using Fig 4.1, identify three different hazards caused by a volcanic eruption which may causes injuries, deaths and damage.
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4
3 marks
Study the information in Table 1.
9 July 2019 | 26 July 2019 |
|---|---|
1 death | 8 deaths |
3 injuries | 63 injuries |
119 buildings damaged or destroyed | 19 buildings damaged or destroyed |
Focus 24km deep | Focus 10km deep |
5.6 magnitude | 6 magnitude |
Use Table 1 to compare the impacts of the earthquakes in the Philippines on 9 July and 26 July 2019.
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5
3 marks
Study Fig. 3.2, which shows information about two earthquakes which occurred in 2018.
Venezuela 21 August 2018 The August 2018 Venezuela earthquake measured 7.3 on the Richter scale and was one of the largest earthquakes ever to strike Venezuela. It occurred at a depth of 154 kilometres and was felt as far away as Bogotá, Colombia and Paramaribo, Suriname. The earthquake killed five people. |
Indonesia 28 September 2018 Following the earthquake in Indonesia measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale, at a depth of 20kilometres, a tsunami occurred. This had a height of around 5 to 7 metres, and flooded the settlements of Palu, Donggala and Mamuju. At least 2256 people were confirmed killed, with hundreds more missing. |
Fig.3.2
Using information from Fig. 3.2 only, state three reasons why the earthquake in Indonesia caused more deaths and injuries than the earthquake in Venezuela.
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1
4 marks
Suggest reasons why earthquakes in LICs such as the Philippines have a greater impact than earthquakes in the HICs such as the USA.
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2
4 marks
Explain why earthquakes cause more deaths and injuries than volcanic eruptions.
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3
4 marks
Explain what can be done to reduce the impacts of eruptions on people who live near volcanoes.
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4
4 marks
Explain how new buildings can be earthquake-proofed, so that they are less likely to be damaged in an earthquake.
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5
4 marks
Explain why earthquakes of the same magnitude may have different impacts.
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6
4 marks
Explain why people continue to live in areas vulnerable to tectonic hazards despite the risks.
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1
7 marks
Assess the extent to which technology can reduce the impacts of volcanic eruptions.
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2
7 marks
For a named example you have studied, describe the problems caused by a volcanic eruption.
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3
7 marks
For a named area you have studied, assess the strategies used to reduce the impacts of earthquakes.
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4
7 marks
Explain the reasons why people continue to live in areas of tectonic activity.
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5
7 marks
Assess the effectiveness of different methods used to measure and monitor earthquakes and volcanic activity.
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