2.3 Software Development (OCR A Level Computer Science) Flashcards
Exam code: H446
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Define Waterfall Model.
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Define Waterfall Model.
The Waterfall Model is a sequential software development process divided into distinct phases where each phase must be completed before the next one begins.
What is the first step in the Waterfall Model of software development?
The first step in the Waterfall Model is Requirement Gathering and Analysis, where all system requirements are captured and documented clearly.
Which phase comes immediately after System Design in the Waterfall Model?
The phase that follows System Design is Implementation, where the actual code is written based on the design documents.
The Waterfall Model requires that each phase is before the next one begins.
The Waterfall Model requires that each phase is completed before the next one begins.
True or False?
The Waterfall Model allows for easy changes to requirements at any stage of development.
False.
The Waterfall Model is inflexible and does not easily allow for changes to requirements once development has started.
Define System Design.
System Design is the phase in the Waterfall Model where requirements are translated into a design and the overall architecture is defined.
A key benefit of the Waterfall Model is that it has stages and .
A key benefit of the Waterfall Model is that it has clear stages and milestones.
For what type of project is the Waterfall Model most suitable?
The Waterfall Model is most suitable for projects where requirements are well understood and unlikely to change.
Define Extreme Programming (XP).
Extreme Programming (XP) is an Agile software development methodology that emphasises adaptability, continuous feedback, and high customer involvement.
What is the purpose of a user story in the Agile model?
A user story helps capture functional or non-functional requirements from the perspective of a user, allowing the team to understand what the user wants to achieve.
During each sprint, developers often work in or small teams, such as in pair programming.
During each sprint, developers often work in pairs or small teams, such as in pair programming.
True or False?
Testing in the Agile model is only performed at the end of the development cycle.
False.
Testing is continuous and happens throughout each sprint in Agile development.
Define sprint.
A sprint is a short, time-boxed period in Agile development during which specific tasks or features are completed.
What is the main purpose of a sprint retrospective in Extreme Programming?
The sprint retrospective is for the team to reflect on what went well, what needs improvement, and to optimise the development process for the next sprint.
One benefit of Extreme Programming is that it is , allowing quick responses to changing requirements.
One benefit of Extreme Programming is that it is highly adaptable, allowing quick responses to changing requirements.
Name one drawback of Extreme Programming (XP).
One drawback of Extreme Programming is that it requires experienced team members and can be challenging to implement without skilled developers.
Define Spiral Model.
The Spiral Model is a software development methodology that combines iterative and sequential processes, focusing on risk assessment and repeated refinement through multiple cycles.
What are the four main steps of each spiral in the Spiral Model?
The four main steps are planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation and feedback.
The Spiral Model is especially suitable for and projects where requirements may change.
The Spiral Model is especially suitable for large and complex projects where requirements may change.
True or False?
The Spiral Model provides early partial working solutions to enable user feedback.
True.
The Spiral Model delivers incremental releases so users can provide feedback on early versions.
Define risk analysis in the context of the Spiral Model.
In the Spiral Model, risk analysis is the process of identifying, assessing, and planning mitigation for potential risks before each development iteration.
What are two key benefits of using the Spiral Model in software development?
Two key benefits are flexibility to accommodate changes and strong risk management throughout development.
A drawback of the Spiral Model is that it can be more and compared to other methodologies.
A drawback of the Spiral Model is that it can be more complex and expensive compared to other methodologies.
Why is strong customer involvement considered a benefit of the Spiral Model?
Strong customer involvement is a benefit because the Spiral Model encourages feedback and input from clients throughout development, ensuring the final product better meets user needs.
Define Rapid Application Development (RAD).
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a software development methodology that emphasises fast and iterative development.
What is the first step in the RAD model?
The first step in the RAD model is requirement planning, where general system requirements are gathered and constraints and assumptions are defined.
A key benefit of RAD is , which enables rapid development and delivery of a high-quality system at a relatively low investment cost.
A key benefit of RAD is speed, which enables rapid development and delivery of a high-quality system at a relatively low investment cost.
Which step in the RAD model involves collaboration with users to develop prototypes?
The user design and prototyping step involves collaboration with users to develop prototypes and ensure alignment with user needs.
During the phase of RAD, the product is transitioned into the live environment, including user training and support.
During the cutover or deployment phase of RAD, the product is transitioned into the live environment, including user training and support.
True or False?
RAD is most suitable for projects where requirements are fixed from the start.
False.
RAD is most suitable for projects where requirements can be developed and refined on the go, not when requirements are fixed from the start.
Define incremental development.
Incremental development is a process where a system is built in small parts or increments, allowing for constant feedback and adaptation.
What is a potential drawback of RAD related to project scope?
A potential drawback of RAD is scope creep, where uncontrolled changes in requirements can occur due to the flexible nature of the methodology.
Define Waterfall Lifecycle.
The Waterfall Lifecycle is a linear software development model with sequential stages such as requirements, design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance. It is best for projects with well-defined and stable requirements.
Define Extreme Programming (XP).
Extreme Programming (XP) is an Agile software development methodology that emphasizes flexibility, frequent releases, and constant customer involvement, making it suitable for projects with changing requirements.
Define Spiral Model.
The Spiral Model is a cyclic software development process that emphasizes risk analysis and iterative refinement, best suited for complex projects requiring extensive risk management.
Define Rapid Application Development (RAD).
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a software development approach that prioritises quick delivery through iterative user feedback and active user participation, ideal for projects needing fast results and adaptability.
The Waterfall Lifecycle is best suited for projects with requirements and a well-defined scope.
The Waterfall Lifecycle is best suited for projects with stable requirements and a well-defined scope.
Extreme Programming (XP) relies on involvement and feedback for success.
Extreme Programming (XP) relies on customer involvement and constant feedback for success.
True or False?
RAD is suitable for projects where user feedback is not important.
False.
RAD is especially suitable for projects where active user feedback and participation are important.
What is a key benefit of the Spiral Model in software development?
A key benefit of the Spiral Model is its focus on risk management and iterative development, allowing for early identification and resolution of potential issues.
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