6.1 Thinking Abstractly (OCR A Level Computer Science) Flashcards
Exam code: H446
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Define abstraction.
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Define abstraction.
Abstraction is the process of removing unnecessary details of a problem to focus on important features to implement in a solution.
What is an example of abstraction in a computer program?
An example of abstraction in a computer program is modelling a real-life object, environment, or action, such as a car simulator or a representation of a building in a game.
A map of a bus or train route is an example of .
A map of a bus or train route is an example of abstraction.
Why must developers identify important features when creating a program?
Developers must identify important features to ensure the solution addresses the problem effectively and includes only relevant details.
Define simulation.
A simulation is an abstract model that imitates the behaviour of a real-life system, such as a car or flight simulator.
How is the London Underground map an example of abstraction?
The London Underground map is an abstraction because it removes unnecessary geographical detail and focuses on station connectivity, allowing travellers to plan routes without needing to know the actual locations of stations.
The closer an implementation is to , the less abstract it becomes.
The closer an implementation is to reality, the less abstract it becomes.
True or False?
Pong is a highly abstracted simulation of tennis or badminton.
True.
Pong is a highly abstracted game because it simplifies the real sport by excluding factors like friction and gravity, focusing only on the essential gameplay elements.
Define abstraction in computational thinking.
In computational thinking, abstraction is the process of removing unnecessary details to focus on the important information needed to solve a problem.
What is the main difference between abstraction and reality?
Abstraction removes unnecessary details to simplify problems, while reality includes all complex variables and details of the real world.
When creating a map for a computer to calculate routes, unnecessary details like and buildings are removed.
When creating a map for a computer to calculate routes, unnecessary details like greenspace and buildings are removed.
How are junctions and roads represented in an abstracted map for computational route finding?
In an abstracted map, junctions are represented as graph nodes and roads are represented as edges or arcs between nodes.
Which algorithms can be applied to an abstracted map represented as a graph to find the shortest path?
Algorithms such as Dijkstra’s shortest path and A* search can be used on an abstracted map represented as a graph to find the shortest path between two points.
In a graph representation of a map, no left turnings can be represented by edges or arcs.
In a graph representation of a map, no left turnings can be represented by directed edges or arcs.
Define graph theory in the context of maps and route finding.
Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures made up of nodes (vertices) and edges (arcs), used to represent and solve problems like route finding in maps.
True or False?
Google Maps and Uber use abstracted maps to calculate the shortest routes between two points.
True.
Both Google Maps and Uber use abstracted maps to efficiently calculate the shortest and optimal routes between two locations.
Define abstraction in computing.
Abstraction is the process of separating what a program does from how it does it, hiding unnecessary details to focus on the main problem.
What key questions must be answered when devising an abstract model?
When devising an abstract model, you must identify the specific problem, break it into milestones, determine which elements impact each milestone, and consider the effect of removing elements on the solution.
True or False?
Abstract models help simplify complex situations by focusing only on relevant details.
True.
Abstract models are designed to simplify complex situations by focusing on important elements and ignoring unnecessary details.
When creating an abstract model, the first step is to identify the to be solved.
When creating an abstract model, the first step is to identify the specific problem to be solved.
Define machine code in the context of programming languages.
Machine code is a first generation language that uses only 0’s and 1’s to represent instructions for a computer processor.
What is one main advantage of using high level programming languages over assembly language?
High level programming languages allow developers to focus on solving problems rather than technical details such as memory management or processor instructions, making complex programs easier and faster to create.
A is a first-in, first-out data structure where new elements are added to the back and removed from the front.
A queue is a first-in, first-out data structure where new elements are added to the back and removed from the front.
How does data abstraction help programmers when dealing with complex data structures?
Data abstraction hides the implementation details of complex data structures, allowing programmers to use them without worrying about how they are stored or managed in memory.
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