Concave & Convex Functions (AQA A Level Maths): Revision Note
Exam code: 7357
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Applications of the Second Derivative
What applications of the second derivative do I need to know?
The second order derivative (or simply second derivative) is encountered at AS level
At AS level second derivatives are used to help determine the nature of a stationary point
At A level you need to be able to use the second derivative to determine if a function is convex or concave on a given interval
Where a function is convex its graph 'curves up' and its tangent lines lie below the graph
Where a function is concave its graph 'curves down' and its tangent lines lie above the graph

It's the sign of the second derivative (+ or -) that's important:
A function f(x) is convex on a given interval if and only if f''(x) ≥ 0 for every value of x in the interval
A function f(x) is concave on a given interval if and only if f''(x) ≤ 0 for every value of x in the interval
Examiner Tips and Tricks
To get full marks in an exam your working needs to include the condition for a function to be convex or concave.
Worked Example

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