How to Analyse Effectively (DP IB Extended Essay): Revision Note

How can students write analytically?

Defining analytical writing

• Analytical writing — a style of writing that moves beyond "what", "where" and "who" to explore "why", "how" and "so what"

• It contrasts with descriptive writing — the presentation of research that simply provides background context or explains a theory without appraisal

• Analytical writing is used to explore the significance and meaning of facts and ideas in depth

• The goal of analysis is to break down a topic to understand its essential elements or structure

Strategies for effective analysis

• Move beyond just providing facts by exploring relationships and patterns — logical connections between different pieces of information

• Engage with research purposefully to develop and evidence an argument rather than just presenting findings

• Apply subject—specific ideas or theories to a topic and evaluate their strengths and limitations

• Identify specific characteristics in a text or data set and explain the significance or effects of those findings

• Avoid a fragmented essay by ensuring that analysis is not just a general overview or a repetition of others' views

Using the PEELL structure

• Students can ensure their writing is analytical by using PEELL — a structural technique for organising points within a paragraph

• P (Point) — state the specific point being made

• E (Evidence) — provide evidence such as a quotation, data or a summary to support the point

• E (Explanation) — explain how the provided evidence supports the specific point

• L (Link to RQ) — connect the point directly back to the Research Question (RQ)

• L (Link to next point) — create a transition to the next stage of the argument to ensure the essay flows logically

Linking points to the Research Question

• All analysis must be rooted in evidence and link back to the RQ — the focused question that directs the entire inquiry

• Linking points back to the RQ helps build a coherent line of argument — a sustained thread of logical reasoning that runs through the essay

• A strong line of argument acts as a map for the reader, helping them follow the logic behind your evidence and conclusions

• Consistent linking prevents the reader from questioning how different parts of the essay fit together