Three-Part Academic Structure (DP IB Extended Essay): Revision Note

How should the introduction, body & conclusion function?

The introduction

• Sets the focus and scope of the research while identifying the sources to be used

• Includes a methodology summary — a brief explanation of the overall research strategy and rationale

  • In some subjects, it can be helpful to briefly indicate your overall approach (sources and/or methods)

• Establishes the line of argument — the logical thread of reasoning that will be followed throughout the essay

• Avoids excessive length — contextual background should be kept focused and proportionate so it does not overshadow critical analysis later in the essay

The body

• Develops a reasoned argument by linking relevant evidence back to the RQ

• Prioritises analysis — the process of exploring "why" and "how" by breaking a topic into essential parts — over simple description

• Requires consistent discussion — a balanced review of research findings that considers different perspectives or factors

• Integrates evaluation — the appraisal of the strengths and limitations of the research materials and methods

• Uses subheadings and structural conventions appropriate to the specific subject area to assist readability

The conclusion

• Must provide a clear and direct answer to the research question (RQ)

• Synthesises the main points of the essay to show what has been achieved

• Highlights the significance of the argument and why the research findings matter

• Addresses any unresolved questions or limitations encountered during the process

• Must never introduce new ideas, points, or evidence that were not discussed in the body