1
1 mark
Outline one factor that may determine how easily a particular country or region can access an adequate supply of fresh water.
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2015
Last exams 2025
Access to Fresh Water (DP IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS): SL): Exam Questions
49 mins10 questions
2
2 marks
One major problem that threatens the availability and accessibility of a freshwater supply in some regions is contamination.
Outline two major causes of contamination to freshwater sources.
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3a
3 marks
Describe the pattern of global water scarcity seen in the figure below.
3b
2 marks
Briefly outline the meaning of the term water scarcity.
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4
2 marks
Suggest two methods for enhancing crop cultivation in regions facing water scarcity.
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1
4 marks
Evaluate the sustainability of desalinisation as a water management strategy to improve access to freshwater resources in a society.
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2a
2 marks
Describe how the availability of freshwater resources is being impacted by climate change.
2b
2 marks
Outline two water management strategies, other than desalinisation and rainwater harvesting, that can reduce water scarcity.
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3a
4 marks
The figure below shows the global water demand by sector for 2023, as well as the projected demands for 2040 and 2055.
i)
Calculate the percentage of water projected to be used for agriculture in 2040, as shown in the figure above. Show your working.
[2]
ii)
State two reasons for the projected decrease in the demand for water in agriculture between 2023 and 2040.
[2]
3b
4 marks
i)
State the overall trend in total global water demand between 2023 and 2055.
[1]
ii)
Outline three factors contributing to this projected change.
[3]
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4a
3 marks
Explain why conflicts over fresh water are becoming an increasingly frequent occurrence between human populations.
4b
4 marks
Predict how technocentric and ecocentric viewpoints would differ regarding the construction and installation of dams.
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1
7 marks
Evaluate the sustainability of rainwater harvesting as a water management strategy to improve access to freshwater resources in a society.
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2
9 marks
Evaluate the following statement:
"Water scarcity problems are best addressed through technological developments, rather than through changing human behaviour."
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