Measuring Abiotic Factors (SQA National 5 Biology): Revision Note
Exam code: X807 75
Methods for measuring abiotic factors
When investigating the impact of an abiotic factor on species distribution, the relevant factor should be measured at all study sites
Abiotic factors can be measured using specialised equipment and techniques
Care should be taken during measurements to ensure that sources of error are minimised
Abiotic factor | How it is measured | Minimising error |
|---|---|---|
Light intensity | Electronic light meter | Direct the meter towards the exact region being assessed Do not shade the meter with the body and avoid creating reflected light Ensure that the values have stabilised before recording Ensure that all readings are taken at the same time of day / year |
Soil moisture | Weigh a moist soil sample, dry it, then reweigh; the mass difference gives water content Electronic moisture meter | Ensure that sample is taken at a standard depth Ensure that any probes are cleaned between uses Ensure that the values have stabilised before recording |
pH | Indicator solution mixed with a soil or water sample Electronic pH meter | Keep soil : water ratio constant Stir/settle for the same length of time before reading Take multiple soil samples from each site, mix, and test to reduce local variation |
Temperature | Thermometer Electronic temperature probe | Ensure that the values have stabilised before recording Avoid direct sunlight on the sensor for air readings |
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