Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2025
First exams 2027
Exam code: 2281
Why is the Human Development Index (HDI) a better indicator of comparative living standards than Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per head?
It includes international trade.
It includes more measures of living standards.
It is measured in money terms.
It is more directly linked to economic growth.
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The Human Development Index (HDI) ranks human development in countries from 0 (lowest) to 1 (highest).
What does the calculation of HDI not take into consideration?
estimate of life expectancy at birth
information on the number of years of schooling
regional inequalities of investments in human capital
standard of living linked to income per head
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What is included in the Human Development Index (HDI) of a country?
level of net immigration
life expectancy at birth
population size
rate of population growth
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One of the indicators of living standards is the Human Development Index (HDI).
What is not taken into consideration when calculating the HDI?
education
income per head
level of savings
life expectancy
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Which indicator would be included in the Human Development Index (HDI) for a country?
adult literacy rate
doctors per 1000 people
unemployment rate
years spent in education
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Why was the Human Development Index (HDI) introduced as a measure of the standard of living?
Education and healthcare are important contributors to the standard of living.
GDP per head only measures development.
Inequality can only be measured by HDI.
Literacy rates are not an effective measure of the standard of living.
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Why is the Human Development Index (HDI) a better measure of living standards than GDP per head?
It takes into account changes in output.
It takes into account changes in population.
It takes into account health and education data.
It takes into account inflation.
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What are the components of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling, GDP
life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling, GDP per head
population growth, adult literacy rate, GDP per head
population size, expected years of schooling, number of doctors per head
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Why might GDP per head be underestimated in a developed economy?
It does not account for changes in population.
It does not include financial services output.
It does not include the hidden economy.
It does not take into account the primary sector.
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What is included in the Human Development Index (HDI)?
gender inequality
life expectancy at birth
political freedom
the impact of pollution
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What would not increase the Human Development Index (HDI) of a country?
an increase in the level of car ownership
an increase in life expectancy at birth
a rise in the GDP per head
a rise in the number of years of schooling
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Which is a disadvantage of using GDP per head as a measure of living standards?
it measures unemployment
it does not show income distribution
it measures inflation
it ignores population size
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Which combination of indicators is included in the Human Development Index (HDI)?
GDP per head, adult literacy, unemployment rate
GDP per head, life expectancy, education levels
GDP per head, balance of trade, life expectancy
GDP per head, infant mortality, education levels
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The table shows GDP and population data.
Country | GDP ($bn) | Population (m) |
|---|---|---|
A | 400 | 200 |
B | 900 | 300 |
C | 600 | 100 |
D | 1200 | 600 |
Which country has the highest GDP per head?
Country A
Country B
Country C
Country D
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Which combination of changes is most likely to result in a fall in living standards in a country?
| GDP | inflation | population |
A B C D | fall fall rise rise | fall rise fall rise | rise rise fall fall |
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Given the following information, which country is most likely to have the highest standard of living?
|
| birth rate | death rate | life expectancy | infant mortality rate |
A B C D | Bangladesh Bhutan Botswana Brunei | 27 36 31 25 | 10 14 21 5 | 58 53 40 72 | 93 107 57 22 |
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The table shows some economic indicators.
Which combination of indicators is most likely to represent a developed country?
| size of primary sector (% of GDP) | birth rate (births per 1000) | literacy rate (% of population) |
A B C D | 3 3 27 33 | 10 22 32 35 | 98 65 56 70 |
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Why is real GDP per capita often used as an indicator of living standards?
It reflects the total population of a country
It considers only the economic output of a nation
It takes into account changes in both GDP and inflation
It provides insights into the average income of citizens
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If a country's real GDP per capita has increased over the past decade, what can we conclude about its living standards?
Living standards have definitely improved
Living standards have remained constant
Living standards may have improved, but other factors need to be considered
Living standards have likely declined
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