1
1 mark
Outline one factor that may determine how easily a particular country or region can access an adequate supply of fresh water.
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2024
First exams 2026
Water Access, Use & Security (DP IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS): HL): Exam Questions
1 hour23 questions
2
2 marks
One major problem that threatens the availability and accessibility of a freshwater supply in some regions is contamination.
Outline two major causes of contamination to freshwater sources.
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3
2 marks
Briefly outline the meaning of the term water scarcity.
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4
3 marks
Describe the pattern of global water scarcity seen in the figure below.
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5
2 marks
Suggest two methods for enhancing crop cultivation in regions facing water scarcity.
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6
1 mark
Define the term water footprint.
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7
1 mark
State one reason why measuring a product’s water footprint is useful.
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8
1 mark
Define the term water stress.
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9
1 mark
Define the term transboundary water source.
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1
4 marks
Evaluate the sustainability of desalinisation as a water management strategy to improve access to freshwater resources in a society.
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2
3 marks
Explain why conflicts over fresh water are becoming an increasingly frequent occurrence between human populations.
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3
2 marks
Describe how the availability of freshwater resources is being impacted by climate change.
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4
2 marks
Outline two water management strategies, other than desalinisation and rainwater harvesting, that can reduce water scarcity.
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5a
2 marks
The figure below shows the global water demand by sector for 2023, as well as the projected demands for 2040 and 2055.
Calculate the percentage of water projected to be used for agriculture in 2040, as shown in the figure above. Show your working.
5b
2 marks
State two reasons for the projected decrease in the demand for water in agriculture between 2023 and 2040.
5c
1 mark
State the overall trend in total global water demand between 2023 and 2055.
5d
3 marks
Outline three factors contributing to this projected change.
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6
4 marks
Predict how technocentric and ecocentric viewpoints would differ regarding the construction and installation of dams.
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7
3 marks
Outline why inequitable access to clean water affects sustainable development.
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8
2 marks
Explain how citizen science has the potential to improve freshwater resource management.
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9
2 marks
Outline two disadvantages of using citizen science for monitoring water resources.
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10
3 marks
Explain how the disadvantages of citizen science in water monitoring can be addressed.
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1
7 marks
Evaluate the sustainability of rainwater harvesting as a water management strategy to improve access to freshwater resources in a society.
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2
9 marks
Evaluate the following statement:
"Water scarcity problems are best addressed through technological developments, rather than through changing human behaviour."
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3
7 marks
Explain how water stress can result from both physical and socio-economic factors.
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4
9 marks
Discuss how the freshwater planetary boundary concept can guide local and global governance.
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