Exam code: 0455 & 0987
Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Economics exam questions and answers, organised by topic. Downloadable PDFs written by teachers and examiners.
Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2025
·First exams 2027
The Nature of the Basic Economic Problem
Finite Resources & Infinite Wants, Resource Allocation Decisions
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Factors of Production
Factors of Production and Their Rewards
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Opportunity Cost
The Concept of Opportunity Cost
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Production Possibility Curve (PPC) Diagrams
Production Possibility Curves, Movements Along and Shifts of the PPC
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The Role of Markets in Allocating Resources
How Markets Work
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Demand
Individual & Market Demand, Movements Along & Shifts of the Demand Curve
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Supply
Individual & Market Supply, Movements Along & Shifts of the Supply Curve
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Price Determination
The Price Mechanism, Market Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
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Price Changes
Causes & Consequences of Price Changes
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Price Elasticity of Demand (PED)
Calculation & Determinants of PED, PED, Consumer Expenditure and Firms’ Revenue, The Significance of PED for Different Stakeholders
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Price Elasticity of Supply (PES)
Calculation & Determinants of PES
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Market Economic System
Understanding the Market Economic System
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Market Failure
Market Failure Terminology, Causes & Consequences of Market Failure, Solutions to Market Failure: Maximum & Minimum Prices, Solutions to Market Failure: Indirect Taxation & Subsidies, Solutions to Market Failure: Other Solutions
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Mixed Economic System
Understanding the Mixed Economic System
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Money & Banking
Understanding Money, Central & Commercial Banks
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Households
Spending, Saving & Borrowing
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Firms
Different Types of Firms, Small Firms and Large Firms, Mergers, Economies & Diseconomies of Scale
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Firms & Production
Demand for Factors of Production, Labour-Intensive & Capital-Intensive Production, Production & Productivity
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Firms' Costs, Revenue & Objectives
Costs of Production, Revenue, The Objectives of Firms
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Types of Markets
Competitive Markets, Monopoly Markets
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Government Macroeconomic Intervention
Macroeconomic Aims, Conflicts Between Macroeconomic Aims
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Fiscal Policy
The Government Budget, Taxation, Fiscal Policy Measures
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Monetary Policy
Monetary Policy Measures
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Supply-Side Policy
Supply-Side Policy Measures, The Effects of Supply-Side Policies on Macroeconomic Aims
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Economic Growth
Measuring Economic Growth, Causes & Consequences of Economic Growth, Causes & Consequences of Recession, Policies to Promote Economic Growth
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Employment & Unemployment
Measuring Unemployment, The Types & Consequences of Unemployment, Policies Used To Reduce Unemployment
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Inflation
Measuring Inflation, Causes & Consequences of Inflation, Policies to Control Inflation
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Living Standards
Indicators of Living Standards, Comparing Living Standards
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Poverty
The Causes of Poverty, Policies to Alleviate Poverty
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Population
Population Growth, Effects of Changing Population Sizes
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Differences in Economic Development Between Countries
Causes and Consequences of International Differences
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Specialisation & Free Trade
Specialisation by Country, Free Trade
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Globalisation & Trade Restrictions
Globalisation, The Role of Multinational Companies (MNCs), Reasons for Trade Restrictions, Types of Trade Restrictions
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Foreign Exchange Rates
Understanding Foreign Exchange Rates, Floating Exchange Rates, Consequences of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates
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Current Account of the Balance of Payments
Components of the Current Account, Deficits & Surpluses, Stabilisation Policies
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