Syllabus Edition

First teaching 2025

First exams 2027

Causes & Impacts of International Migration (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Geography): Exam Questions

Exam code: 0460 & 0976

44 mins11 questions
1a1 mark

Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about the country of origin of people living in Canada in 1990 and 2015.

Bar chart comparing the number of immigrants (in thousands) by country of origin in 1990 and 2015, with China and India as top sources.

How many people from the USA lived in Canada in 2015?

1b3 marks

Using the information from Fig. 1.1.

Describe how the number of people from China and Italy living in Canada changed between 1990 and 2015.
You should use statistics in your answer.

23 marks

Study Fig. 1.2, which is a map showing information about global net migration.

World map showing net migration from 2010-2015; blue indicates positive net migration, red indicates negative net migration. Key included.

Fig 1.2

Describe the distribution of areas with negative net migration.

33 marks

Study Fig. 1.2, which is an extract about a guest worker from the Philippines who is living in Dubai in the UAE.

Teresa Cruz is one of many millions of adults who have travelled thousands of miles from home to earn money to send back to their families. Teresa lives in Dubai, the UAE’s largest city, 7000 kilometres from her home country, the Philippines. She earns the minimum wage as an assistant at a clothing store in a shopping mall in Dubai. She works six days a week and Friday is her day off.

On Friday at 12:00, it is time for Teresa to see her 11-year-old daughter and 8-year-old son who live with their aunt, who is raising them in the Philippines. As she is an overseas worker, she does this in the modern way. She pulls a stool up to a desk inside the small bedroom she shares with four other people. She logs on to the computer, clicks a video chat button and waits.

Teresa lives in the bedroom with her husband, Luis, who, like Teresa, left the Philippines years ago. They decided that the only way to do the things a parent wants to do—pay for schoolbooks, make sure the grandparents in the Philippines have enough to eat, prepare the children for college one day—is to leave the family behind and find work in a distant country with a different language and culture.


Fig. 1.2

Identify three difficulties Teresa faces as a guest worker in Dubai from Fig. 1.2.

4a1 mark

Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about international and internal migration in Bolivia (an LEDC) in South America.

Map of Bolivia showing migration patterns with arrows: to USA, Spain, Argentina, and other countries; migration to Santa Cruz for jobs and opportunities.

Define international migration.

4b1 mark

Using Fig 1.1 give an example of international migration.

4c3 marks

Using Fig. 1.1, suggest three pull factors leading to large amounts of migration to Santa Cruz.

5a1 mark

Define forced migration.

5b2 marks

Identify two causes of forced migration.

64 marks

Suggest problems that international migrants may face when settling in a new country. 

75 marks

Study Fig. 1.2, which is a map showing information about global net migration.

World map showing net migration from 2010 to 2015: countries in blue have positive net migration, while those in pink have negative net migration.

Fig 1.2

Explain the reasons why experience negative net migration.

84 marks

Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about migration across the Mediterranean Sea from Libya to Italy between January 2015 and August 2016.

Map showing migrant routes from Libya to Italy, with paths spreading across Europe. Cities like Rome, Milan, Tripoli, and Zawiya are marked.

Explain why the arrival of large numbers of migrants across the Mediterranean Sea may cause problems in Italy.

95 marks

Study Fig. 1.2, which shows information about Arlington County, an area in the USA.

Arlington County is home to the USA’s largest Bolivian community. In Arlington there are apartment buildings filled with people who have migrated from towns in the Cochabamba Valley in Bolivia, hence the nickname ‘Arlibamba’. There are many Bolivian restaurants and food shops, such as Pike Pizza, a converted pizza restaurant that now sells traditional Bolivian food. This is one of many meeting places for the Bolivian community. They are also places to watch the Bolivian national soccer team play games on TV.

Bolivians have formed several football leagues in the Arlington region. Over 2000 players and fans come out each Sunday to participate. Many of the teams are named after towns in Bolivia like Real Santa Cruz.

An aim of one of the Arlington football leagues is to improve life in the small villages in the Esteban Arce province of Bolivia. Most people there live off basic agriculture and remittances from abroad. Teams send their winnings back home to fund schools, infrastructure and churches. It has been estimated that villages in Bolivia received over US $20000 a year from donations from the league.

Fig. 1.2

Assess the impact migration to the USA is likely to have on the small villages in Bolivia and the people who still live there.

101 mark

Study Fig. 1.3, which is a population pyramid for the United Arab Emirates (UAE), an HIC.

Population pyramid showing age distribution by gender. Males on the left, females on the right, ages range from 0 to 80+ years.

Most of the migration to the UAE is voluntary.

Describe the pull factors of HICs, such as the UAE, to migrants from LICs.

117 marks

Explain why there are large amounts of migration to a country you have studied. Name of country ............................................................