Exam code: 0625 & 0972
Hydrogen is an element with one proton. It has three different isotopes.
Which statement about the three Hydrogen isotopes is correct?
They must have different numbers of electrons orbiting their nucleus.
They must all have one proton in their nuclei.
They must all have one neutron in their nuclei.
They must all have the same number of nucleons in their nucleus.
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The nuclide notation for a generic element is given below:
Which of the following is the correct definition of each of the terms?
| X | A | Z |
A | symbol | nucleon number | proton number |
B | symbol | proton number | nucleon number |
C | symbol | neutron number | proton number |
D | nucleon number | proton number | neutron number |
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An atom consists of electrons orbiting a nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
For the atom to be neutral, which statement about the atom must be correct?
The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
The number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons.
The number of electrons, protons and neutrons are all different.
The number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons.
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The charge on an electron is -e.
Which answer below correctly describes the charge of a proton and the charge on a neutron?
| Proton | Neutron |
A | 0 | +e |
B | +e | -e |
C | +e | 0 |
D | -e | +e |
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An isotope of uranium is represented by the symbol:
Which of the answers below could be a different isotope of uranium?
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Atom X loses an electron to form an ion.
Atom Y gains an electron to form an ion.
Which row in the table is correct?
| charge on the ion of atom X | charge on the ion of atom Y |
|---|---|---|
A | positive | positive |
B | positive | negative |
C | negative | positive |
D | negative | negative |
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A model of an atom consists of small particles orbiting a central nucleus.
Where is the positive charge in an atom?
on the orbiting particles
in the nucleus
in the space between the nucleus and the orbiting particles
spread throughout the atom
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An atom of helium has the following nuclide symbol:
Which of the following diagrams best represents a neutral atom of helium?
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How many neutrons are in a nucleus of aluminium? The chemical symbol is given below:
13
27
14
40
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Below are the symbols for four different nuclides.
Which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element?
Nuclide 1 and nuclide 4.
Nuclide 1, nuclide 3 and nuclide 4
Nuclide 2 and nuclide 3
Nuclide 2 and nuclide 4
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Which of the following statements would not be correct for the nucleus of any atom?
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
The nucleus has a total charge of zero.
The nucleus is very small compared to the size of the atom.
The atom contains the same number of protons and electrons.
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A nitrogen atom loses an electron.
What is it called now?
An atom
An isotope
A negative ion
A positive ion
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Extended Tier Only
Which row in the table describes the process of nuclear fusion and identifies the change in total mass of the particles involved?
| process | change in total mass of the particles |
A | a large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei | decreases |
B | a large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei | increases |
C | two small nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus | decreases |
D | two small nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus | increases |
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Extended Tier Only
How do the sizes of the two nuclei produced in a nuclear fission reaction compare to the size of the original nucleus?
both larger than the original nucleus
one larger and one smaller than the original nucleus
both smaller than the original nucleus
one smaller and one the same size as the original nucleus?
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1 markHow are positive and negative ions formed from atoms?
positive ion | negative ion | |
|---|---|---|
A | add positive charge to the nucleus | add an electron to the atom |
B | add positive charge to the nucleus | remove positive charge from the nucleus |
C | remove an electron from the atom | add an electron to the atom |
D | remove an electron from the atom | remove positive charge from the nucleus |
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Extended tier only
Nuclear reactions can release huge amounts of energy.
Which nuclear reaction takes place in the Sun and which nuclear reaction takes place in a nuclear power station?
| The Sun | A nuclear power station |
A | fusion | fusion |
B | fusion | fission |
C | fission | fission |
D | fission | fusion |
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Extended tier only
In 1911 Rutherford performed an experiment that provided evidence for the nuclear atom.
Which of the diagrams below best represents this experiment?
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Extended tier only
Fusion is a type of nuclear reaction.
Which term below is a correct statement about nuclear fusion?
It occurs in nuclear power stations.
It involves a larger nucleus decaying into two (or more) smaller nuclides.
Uranium is a type of fuel for nuclear fusion.
Light nuclei (such as hydrogen and helium) fuse together, releasing energy in the process.
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Extended tier only
A neutron and a proton are near to a positive nucleus.
If anything, what would happen to the proton and the neutron due to the charge on the nucleus?
The neutron is repelled; the proton is attracted.
The proton is not affected; the neutron is attracted.
The proton is repelled; the neutron is attracted.
The proton is repelled; the neutron is not affected.
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Extended tier only
In Rutherford's experiment, α-particles were fired at a thin metal foil. This is shown in the image below.
Why are α-particles used rather than neutrons?
They are positively charged, which causes them to repel when they pass close to a nucleus.
They are very small in diameter, and so are less likely to interact with a nucleus.
They travel more slowly.
They are heavier.
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